Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Dapagliflozin (N = 2152) | Placebo (N = 2152) | Total (N = 4304) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Age (years), mean (SD) ≤65 years, n (%) >65 years, n (%) |
61.8 (12.1) 1247 (57.9) 905 (42.1) |
61.9 (12.1) 1239 (57.6) 913 (42.4) |
61.8 (12.1) 2486 (57.8) 1818 (42.2) |
| Female sex, n (%) | 709 (32.9) | 716 (33.3) | 1425 (33.1) |
|
Region, n (%) Europe North America Latin America Asia |
610 (28.3) 401 (18.6) 449 (20.9) 692 (32.2) |
623 (28.9) 412 (19.1) 463 (21.5) 654 (30.4) |
1233 (28.6) 813 (18.9) 912 (21.2) 1346 (31.3) |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 81.5 (20.1) | 82.0 (20.9) | 81.7 (20.5) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 283 (13.2) | 301 (14.0) | 584 (13.6) |
|
Blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) Systolic Diastolic |
136.7 (17.5) 77.5 (10.7) |
137.4 (17.3) 77.5 (10.3) |
137.1 (17.4) 77.5 (10.5) |
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 7.1 (1.7) | 7.0 (1.7) | 7.1 (1.7) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean (SD) | 43.2 (12.3) | 43.0 (12.4) | 43.1 (12.4) |
| Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/g), median (Q1–Q3) | 965 (472–1903) | 934 (482–1868) | 949 (477–1885) |
| Type 2 diabetes diagnosis, n (%) | 1455 (67.6) | 1451 (67.4) | 2906 (67.5) |
|
CKD aetiologya, n (%) Diabetic nephropathy Ischaemic/hypertensive nephropathy Chronic glomerulonephritis Other/unknown |
1271 (59.1) 324 (15.1) 343 (15.9) 214 (9.9) |
1239 (57.6) 363 (16.9) 352 (16.4) 198 (9.2) |
2510 (58.3) 687 (16.0) 695 (16.1) 412 (9.6) |
| History of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 813 (37.8) | 797 (37.0) | 1610 (37.4) |
| History of heart failure, n (%) | 235 (10.9) | 233 (10.8) | 468 (10.9) |
| History of myocardial infarction, n (%) | 185 (8.6) | 207 (9.6) | 392 (9.1) |
| History of stroke, n (%) | 125 (5.8) | 140 (6.5) | 265 (6.2) |
|
Baseline medication, n (%) ACE inhibitor ARB Diuretic Statin |
673 (31.3) 1444 (67.1) 928 (43.1) 1395 (64.8) |
681 (31.6) 1426 (66.3) 954 (44.3) 1399 (65.0) |
1354 (31.5) 2870 (66.7) 1882 (43.7) 2794 (64.9) |
Most likely aetiology as reported by investigators.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; SD, standard deviation.