Table 3.
Weighted Proportion of Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Stratified by Medical History: Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2020
| Participants | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seropositivea | Indeterminateb | Seronegative | |||||
| Participants Tested, n | n (%) | 95% CI (%) | n (%) | 95% CI (%) | n (%) | 95% CI (%) | |
| Number of symptoms | |||||||
| None | 324 | 54 (18.0) | 13.3–23.8 | 48 (15.5) | 11.2–21.1 | 222 (66.5) | 59.8–72.6 |
| 1 to 2 symptoms | 266 | 42 (16.7) | 11.9–22.8 | 57 (21.2) | 15.9–27.7 | 167 (62.1) | 54.9–68.8 |
| 3 to 5 symptoms | 236 | 38 (17.5) | 12.3–24.2 | 43 (17.7) | 12.6–24.2 | 155 (64.8) | 57.2–71.7 |
| ≥5 symptoms | 239 | 30 (13.8) | 9.2–20.2 | 35 (14.1) | 9.6–20.2 | 174 (72.1) | 64.7–78.4 |
| Symptoms | |||||||
| Fever | |||||||
| No | 692 | 113 (17.6) | 14.3–21.3 | 123 (18.1) | 14.9–21.9 | 456 (64.3) | 59.9–68.5 |
| Yes | 388 | 54 (14.8) | 11.0–19.8 | 62 (15.3) | 11.5–20.1 | 272 (69.9) | 64.1–75.1 |
| Chills | |||||||
| No | 829 | 142 (18.3) | 15.3–21.8 | 147 (17.7) | 14.7–21.0 | 540 (64.0) | 60.0–67.9 |
| Yes | 244 | 24 (11.2) | 7.1–17.1 | 37 (15.3) | 10.6–21.7 | 183 (73.5) | 66.2–79.7 |
| Fatigue/asthenia | |||||||
| No | 844 | 132 (16.6) | 13.8–20.0 | 152 (17.7) | 14.9–21.0 | 560 (65.6) | 61.7–69.4 |
| Yes | 232 | 34 (16.4) | 11.3–23.3 | 32 (14.7) | 9.9–21.3 | 166 (69.9) | 61.1–75.7 |
| Muscle pain (myalgia) | |||||||
| No | 832 | 118 (14.6) | 11.9–17.8 | 148 (17.9) | 15.0–21.3 | 566 (67.5) | 63.6–71.2 |
| Yes | 240 | 48 (23.7) | 17.6–31.1 | 36 (14.7) | 10.1–20.9 | 156 (61.7) | 53.9–68.9 |
| Sore throat | |||||||
| No | 941 | 148 (17.0) | 14.2–20.2 | 158 (16.7) | 14.0–19.8 | 635 (66.3) | 62.5–69.8 |
| Yes | 139 | 19 (14.0) | 8.4–22.4 | 27 (19.7) | 13.0–28.8 | 93 (66.3) | 56.3–75.0 |
| Cough | |||||||
| No | 791 | 128 (17.2) | 14.2–20.7 | 133 (17.0) | 14.1–20.5 | 530 (65.7) | 61.6–69.6 |
| Yes | 289 | 39 (14.8) | 10.4–20.7 | 52 (17.7) | 12.7–23.2 | 198 (67.8) | 61.0–74.0 |
| Runny nose (rhinorrhea) | |||||||
| No | 770 | 122 (16.7) | 13.7–20.2 | 138 (18.2) | 15.2–21.8 | 510 (65.1) | 60.9–69.0 |
| Yes | 310 | 45 (16.3) | 11.8–22.1 | 47 (14.3) | 10.3–19.5 | 218 (69.4) | 62.9–75.3 |
| Breathing difficulties | |||||||
| No | 1037 | 163 (16.9) | 14.3–19.9 | 176 (16.9) | 14.3–19.9 | 698 (66.2) | 62.6–69.5 |
| Yes | 43 | 4 (8.2) | 2.6–23.4 | 9 (22.5) | 10.8–40.9 | 30 (69.3) | 51.0–83.0 |
| Loss of taste and smell (ageusia/anosmia) | |||||||
| No | 929 | 144 (16.7) | 13.9–19.9 | 162 (14.5) | 14.7–20.6 | 623 (65.9) | 62.1–69.5 |
| Yes | 141 | 23 (16.1) | 10.2–24.5 | 23 (15.3) | 9.7–23.3 | 105 (68.6) | 59.2–76.7 |
| Chest pain | |||||||
| No | 849 | 160 (16.8) | 14.2–19.9 | 171 (16.8) | 14.2–19.8 | 678 (66.4) | 62.7–69.8 |
| Yes | 160 | 7 (13.3) | 6.0–27.2 | 14 (21.4) | 12.1–25.0 | 50 (65.3) | 50.9–77.3 |
| Other respiratory symptoms | |||||||
| No | 1066 | 12 (16.6) | 14.0–19.5 | 182 (17.1) | 14.5–20.0 | 719 (66.3) | 62.8–69.6 |
| Yes | 14 | 2 (15.4) | 3.3–49.0 | 3 (21.4) | 5.9–54.3 | 9 (63.2) | 32.5–86.0 |
| Anorexia | |||||||
| No | 917 | 146 (16.8) | 14.1–20.0 | 162 (17.8) | 15.0–21.0 | 609 (65.4) | 61.6–69.0 |
| Yes | 163 | 21 (15.4) | 9.6–23.7 | 23 (13.3) | 8.3–20.7 | 119 (71.3) | 62.2–79.0 |
| Headache | |||||||
| No | 690 | 108 (17.2) | 13.9–21.0 | 121 (17.5) | 14.3–21.2 | 461 (65.3) | 60.9–69.5 |
| Yes | 390 | 59 (15.6) | 11.7–20.4 | 64 (16.4) | 12.5–21.3 | 267 (68.0) | 62.2–73.3 |
| Nausea/vomiting | |||||||
| No | 959 | 156 (17.4) | 14.7–20.6 | 159 (16.6) | 14.0–19.7 | 644 (66.0) | 62.3–69.5 |
| Yes | 121 | 11 (9.7) | 4.9–18.3 | 26 (21.5) | 14.0–31.6 | 84 (68.8) | 58.1–77.9 |
| Abdominal pain | |||||||
| No | 862 | 193 (17.6) | 14.7–21.0 | 146 (17.1) | 14.2–20.3 | 574 (65.3) | 61.4–69.1 |
| Yes | 218 | 25 (12.3) | 7.8–18.8 | 39 (17.5) | 12.2–24.3 | 154 (70.3) | 62.4–77.0 |
| Diarrhea | |||||||
| No | 956 | 103 (16.5) | 13.8–19.6 | 161 (16.9) | 14.2–19.9 | 649 (66.7) | 63.0–70.2 |
| Yes | 124 | 21 (17.6) | 10.9–27.1 | 24 (19.1) | 12.2–28.7 | 79 (63.3) | 52.8–72.7 |
| Hospitalization | |||||||
| No | 1024 | 153 (16.0)c | 13.4–19.0 | 177 (17.3) | 14.7–20.3 | 694 (66.7) | 38.6–70.0 |
| Yes | 52 | 14 (29.8)c | 17.0–46.8 | 8 (15.5) | 7.0–30.7 | 30 (54.8) | 63.1–70.1 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
aPresence of antibodies to nucleocapsid and spike proteins.
bPresence of antibodies to only nucleocapsid or spike protein.
cSignificant difference at 5%.