Table 3.
BSE Mean (SE) |
Placebo Mean (SE) |
p3 | |||||
Variables from Urine | |||||||
Preintervention n= 42 | Postintervention n= 42 | Changes2 n= 42 | Preintervention |
Postintervention |
Changes2 n= 44 | ||
n= 44 | n= 44 | ||||||
Total Urine Metabolites1 | 0.05 (0.02) | 4.80 (0.65) | 4.75 (0.64) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.003) | −0.02 (0.01) | <0.0001 |
SFN | 0.002 (0.001) | 0.66 (0.16) | 0.66 (0.16) | 0.0007 (0.0003) | 0.0007 (0.0003) | 0.00005 (0.0003) | <0.0001 |
SFN-NAC | 0.04 (0.01) | 2.90 (0.41) | 2.87 (0.40) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.004 (0.002) | −0.02 (0.01) | <0.0001 |
SFN-Cys | 0.008 (0.003) | 1.23 (0.19) | 1.22 (0.19) | 0.008 (0.002) | 0.005 (0.001) | −0.003 (0.002) | <0.0001 |
SFN-GSH | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.0002 (0.0001) | 0.0002 (0.0001) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.08 |
SFN-CG | 0.003 (0.001) | 0.005 (0.001) | 0.002 (0.002) | 0.004 (0.001) | 0.004 (0.001) | 0.0005 (0.002) | 0.73 |
Variables from Plasma | |||||||
Preintervention n = 42 | Postintervention n = 42 | Changes n = 42 | Preintervention n = 44 | Postintervention n = 44 | Changes n = 44 | ||
Total Plasma Metabolites | 0.0002 (0.0002) | 0.12 (0.03) | 0.12 (0.03) | 0.0003 (0.0002) | 0.00 (0.00) | −0.0003 (0.0002) | <0.0001 |
SFN | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.0001 (0.0001) | 0.0001 (0.0001) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.32 |
SFN-NAC | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | <0.0001 |
SFN-Cys | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | <0.0001 |
SFN-GSH | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | <0.0001 |
SFN-CG | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | <0.0001 |
Urinary SFN metabolite concentration units = micromolar (μM) concentrations of urinary SFN metabolite/millimolar (mM) concentrations of urinary creatinine. Plasma SFN metabolite concentrations are shown in micromolar (μM) concentrations.
Change = postintervention level minus preintervention level.
P values were calculated for difference of change in means across treatment groups. Mann–Whitney U-test was used for all the rest of the variables due to non-normal distribution.