Table 2. Association between patient’s characteristics and prevalence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae carriage on the day of admission and during hospitalization at NICU.
| At admission | During NICU stay | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Patients numbers (%) | MDR-EB - | MDR-EB +* | p-value | Patients numbers (%) | MDR-EB - | MDR-EB + | p-value | |
| n = 455 | [N (%)] | [N (%)] | n = 207 | [N (%)] | [N (%)] | ||||
| Gender | Male | 267 (58.7) | 180 (59) | 87 (58) | 0.457 | 124 (59.9) | 36 (65.5) | 88 (57.9) | 0.207 |
| Female | 188 (41.3) | 125 (41) | 63 (42) | 83 (40.1) | 19 (34.5) | 64 (42.1) | |||
| Age (days) | 0–2 | Mean±SD | 222 (72.8) | 86 (57.3) | 0.001 | Mean±SD | 39 (70.9) | 112 (73.7) | 0.408 |
| > 2 | 6.5±15.8 | 83 (27.2) | 64 (42.7) | 5.1±12.2 | 16 (29.1) | 40 (26.3) | |||
| Prematurity | Yes | 224 (49.2) | 156 (51.1) | 68 (45.3) | 0.140 | 113 (54.6) | 29 (52.7) | 84 (55.3) | 0.433 |
| No | 231 (50.8) | 149 (48.9) | 82 (54.7) | 94 (45.4) | 26 (47.3) | 68 (44.7) | |||
| Birth weight (g) | < 2500 | Mean±SD | 158 (51.8) | 68 (45.3) | 0.115 | Mean±SD | 31 (56.4) | 81 (53.3) | 0.408 |
| ≥ 2500 | 2612±1026g | 147 (48.2) | 82 (54.7) | 2466±975 | 24 (43.6) | 71 (46.7) | |||
| Pathology** | Respiratory distress | 259 (56.9) | 182 (59.7) | 77 (51.3) | 0.056 | 123 (59.4) | 32 (58.2) | 91 (59.9) | 0.475 |
| Icterus | 38 (8.4) | 21 (6.9) | 17 (11.3) | 0.078 | 14 (6.8) | 2 (3.6) | 12 (7.9) | 0.229 | |
| Surgical pathology | 31 (6.8) | 17 (5.6) | 14 (9.3) | 0.099 | 11 (5.3) | 4 (7.3) | 7 (4.6) | 0.328 | |
| Neonatal suffering | 34 (7.5) | 24 (7.9) | 10 (6.7) | 0.401 | 16 (7.7) | 4 (7.3) | 12 (7.9) | 0.573 | |
| Neonatal infections | 35 (7.7) | 20 (6.6) | 15 (10) | 0.134 | 16 (7.7) | 3 (5.5) | 13 (8.6) | 0.342 | |
| Neurological distress | 44 (9.7) | 34 (11.1) | 10 (6.7) | 0.086 | 22 (10.6) | 3 (5.5) | 19 (12.5) | 0.112 | |
| Congenital malformations | 11 (2.4) | 9 (3) | 2 (1.3) | 0.239 | 6 (2.9) | 2 (3.6) | 4 (2.6) | 0.505 | |
| Others | 49 (10.8) | 29 (9.5) | 20 (13.3) | 0.141 | 18 (8.7) | 7 (12.7) | 11 (7.2) | 0.168 | |
| Birthplace | Maternity of UH Fez | 265 (58.2) | 190 (41.8) | 75 (50) | 0.026 | 125 (60.4) | 33 (60) | 92 (60.5) | 0.703 |
| Other hospital | 164 (36) | 97 (31.8) | 67 (44.7) | 66 (31.9) | 19 (34.5) | 47 (30.9) | |||
| Home | 26 (5.7) | 18 (5.9) | 8 (5.3) | 16 (7.7) | 3 (5.5) | 13 (8.6) | |||
| Admission route | Maternity of UH Fez | 235 (51.6) | 178 (58.4) | 57 (38) | 0.000 | 117 (56.5) | 31 (56.4) | 86 (56.6) | 0.870 |
| Other hospital | 124 (27.3) | 77 (25.2) | 47 (31.3) | 56 (27.1) | 16 (29.1) | 40 (26.3) | |||
| Home | 96 (21.1) | 50 (16.4) | 46 (30.7) | 34 (16.4) | 8 (14.5) | 26 (17.1) | |||
| Delivery mode | vaginal | 310 (68.1) | 205 (67.2) | 105 (70) | 0.312 | 142 (68.6) | 34 (61.8) | 108 (71.1) | 0.137 |
| Caesarean section | 145 (31.9) | 100 (32.8) | 45 (30) | 65 (31.4) | 21 (38.2) | 44 (28.9) | |||
| Venous Catheterization | peripheral | -- | -- | -- | -- | 203 (98.1) | 55 (100) | 148 (97.4) | 0.288 |
| central | -- | -- | -- | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 4 (2.6) | |||
| Breastfeeding | Breastfed newborn | 179 (39.3) | 111 (36.4) | 68 (45.3) | 0.042 | 69 (33.3) | 17 (30.9) | 52 (34.2) | 0.394 |
| Diet newborn | 276 (60.7) | 194 (63.6) | 82 (54.7) | 138 (66.7) | 38 (69.1) | 100 (65.8) | |||
| Antibiotherapy | Ceftriaxone+gentamicin | -- | -- | -- | -- | 116 (56) | 35 (63.6) | 81 (53.3) | 0.121 |
| Aximicin+gentamicin | -- | -- | -- | 74 (35.7) | 18 (32.7) | 56 (36.8) | 0.354 | ||
*Carriage of at least one MDR Enterobacteriaceae isolate
**Neonates may have more than one reason for hospitalization.