Table 4. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with secondary vs. primary dengue infection among the dengue-confirmed cases from the health facility-based fever surveillance established in Bang Phae district, Ratchaburi province, Thailand in 2011–2016.
| Characteristics (n; %) |
Secondary dengue infection (n=95) |
Primary dengue infection (n=35) |
Dengue-confirmed (n=130) |
p-value | Univariable analysis Secondary vs. primary dengue |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p-value | |||||||
| Age (years) | 0.216 | 0.252 | |||||||
| 1-9 | 20 (21.1) | 13 (37.1) | 33 (25.4) | Ref* | |||||
| 10-14 | 31 (32.6) | 9 (25.7) | 40 (30.77) | 2.24 | 0.81-6.20 | ||||
| 15-19 | 20 (21.1) | 9 (25.7) | 29 (22.31) | 1.44 | 0.51-4.14 | ||||
| 20-34 | 14 (14.7) | 3 (8.6) | 17 (13.1) | 3.03 | 0.73-12.67 | ||||
| 35-55 | 10 (10.5) | 1 (2.9) | 11 (8.5) | 6.50 | 0.74-56.99 | ||||
| Female | 47 (49.5) | 19 (54.3) | 66 (50.77) | 0.626 | 0.83 | 0.38-1.79 | 0.627 | ||
| Hospitalization | |||||||||
| No | 51 (53.7) | 28 (80.0) | 79 (60.77) | 0.001 | Ref* | ||||
| Yes | 44 (46.3) | 7 (20.0) | 51 (39.23) | 3.45 | 1.37-8.67 | 0.008 | |||
| Days of stay (mean; SD) | 4.17 (1.46) | 3.71 (1.38) | 4.10 (1.45) | <.001 | |||||
| Duration of fever, prior to visit (days) | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.21 (1.15) | 3.74 (1.40) | 3.35 (1.24) | <.001 | 0.266 | ||||
| 3 (ref. 1-2 days) | 0.92 | 0.29-2.89 | |||||||
| 4-7 | 0.50 | 0.20-1.30 | |||||||
| Duration of fever, entire illness (days) | |||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.44 (2.18) | 6.59 (2.05) | 6.48 (2.14) | <.001 | |||||
| Temperature at presentation (°C) | 0.044 | 0.105 | |||||||
| < 38.3 | 52 (54.7) | 26 (74.3) | 78 (60.0) | Ref* | |||||
| ≥ 38.3 | 43 (45.3) | 9 (25.7) | 52 (40.0) | 1.91 | 0.87-4.19 | ||||
| High body temp at enrollment (ref. lower temp) | 2.39 | 1.01-5.64 | 0.047 | ||||||
| JE vaccination | 82 (86.3) | 32 (91.4) | 114 (87.69) | 0.431 | 0.59 | 0.16-2.21 | 0.435 | ||
| Positive on the NS1 of RDT | 63 (66.3) | 21 (60.0) | 84 (64.6) | 0.504 | 1.31 | 0.59-2.92 | 0.505 | ||
| Clinical diagnosis | |||||||||
| Suspected dengue | 66 (69.5) | 19 (54.3) | 85 (65.4) | 0.107 | 1.92 | 0.87-4.25 | 0.109 | ||
| Suspected DF/DHF | 58/8 | 19/0 | 77/8 | - | - | - | |||
| Other than dengue | 29 (30.5) | 16 (45.7) | 45 (34.6) | Ref* | |||||
| Signs and symptoms (ref. absence) | |||||||||
| Rash | 11 (11.6) | 7 (20.0) | 18 (13.85) | 0.218 | 0.52 | 0.19-1.48 | 0.223 | ||
| Fatigue/weakness | 34 (35.8) | 6 (17.1) | 40 (30.77) | 0.041 | 2.69 | 1.02-7.14 | 0.046 | ||
| Alterations of consciousness | 22 (23.2) | 5 (14.3) | 27 (20.77) | 0.269 | 1.81 | 0.63-5.22 | 0.273 | ||
| Headache | 87 (91.6) | 30 (85.7) | 117 (90.0) | 0.323 | 1.81 | 0.55-5.97 | 0.328 | ||
| Retro-orbital pain | 13 (13.7) | 3 (8.6) | 16 (12.31) | 0.431 | 1.69 | 0.45-6.33 | 0.435 | ||
| Rhinorrhea | 17 (17.9) | 8 (22.9) | 25 (19.23) | 0.524 | 0.74 | 0.29-1.90 | 0.525 | ||
| Sore Throat | 35 (36.8) | 12 (34.3) | 47 (36.15) | 0.788 | 1.12 | 0.50-2.52 | 0.788 | ||
| Cough | 36 (37.9) | 13 (37.1) | 49 (37.69) | 0.938 | 1.03 | 0.46-2.30 | 0.938 | ||
| Nausea & vomiting | 45 (47.4) | 8 (22.9) | 53 (40.77) | 0.012 | 3.04 | 1.25-7.37 | 0.014 | ||
| Abdominal pain | 9 (9.5) | 6 (17.1) | 15 (11.54) | 0.113 | 0.51 | 0.17-1.54 | 0.231 | ||
| Loss of appetite | 42 (44.2) | 8 (22.9) | 50 (38.46) | 0.026 | 2.68 | 1.10-6.49 | 0.030 | ||
| Muscle pain | 33 (34.7) | 4 (11.4) | 37 (28.46) | 0.009 | 4.12 | 1.34-12.68 | 0.014 | ||
| Joint pain | 6 (6.3) | 0 | 6 (4.62) | 0.146 | - | ||||
| Hematemesis | 11 (11.6) | 3 (8.6) | 14 (10.77) | 0.624 | 1.40 | 0.37-5.33 | 0.625 | ||
*reference category