Table 5.

Hierarchical linear regression analyses of seven constructs with pain interference as outcome

Characteristic	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6	Model 7
R2	0.330	0.343	0.374	0.498	0.512	0.520	0.540
ΔR2	--	0.013	0.031	0.124	0.013	0.008	0.020
Disease related factors
Disease activity	0.593 (0.528 to 0.659)	0.606 (0.539 to 0.672)	0.552 (0.483 to 0.620)	0.323 (0.252 to 0.394)	0.292 (0.217 to 0.368)	0.282 (0.205 to 0.360)	0.261 (0.180 to 0.341)
Organ damage	0.248 (0.002 to 0.494)	0.15 (−0.102 to 0.402)	0.144 (−0.107 to 0.395)	0.042 (−0.187 to 0.271)	0.081 (−0.146 to 0.309)	0.094 (−0.142 to 0.330)	0.138 (−0.101 to 0.377)
Demographic factors
Age at survey		0.065 (0.022 to 0.109)	0.065 (0.022 to 0.107)	0.065 (0.026 to 0.104)	0.073 (0.034 to 0.112)	0.060 (0.018 to 0.101)	0.051 (0.008 to 0.095)
Gender
Male		Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Female		−1.111 (−3.388 to 1.166)	−0.650 (−2.882 to 1.583)	−1.541 (−3.618 to 0.536)	−1.587 (−3.642 to 0.468)	−1.439 (−3.613 to 0.735)	−1.659 (−3.900 to 0.582)
Marital status
Not single		Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Single		0.173 (−1.059 to 1.406)	−1.104 (−2.432 to 0.225)	−0.471 (−1.687 to 0.746)	−0.182 (−1.395 to 1.03)	−0.153 (−1.419 to 1.113)	−0.286 (−1.579 to 1.007)
Race
Non-black		Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Black		1.864 (0.316 to 3.412)	0.630 (−0.954 to 2.214)	0.311 (−1.136 to 1.757)	0.304 (−1.136 to 1.744)	−0.003 (−1.516 to 1.510)	0.184 (−1.394 to 1.762)
Socioeconomic factors
Household income			−0.494 (−0.810 to −0.178)	−0.257 (−0.546 to 0.032)	−0.254 (−0.539 to 0.032)	−0.301 (−0.599 to −0.004)	−0.264 (−0.585 to 0.056)
Education
High school or less			Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Some college			−1.003 (−2.427 to 0.422)	−0.879 (−2.173 to 0.415)	−0.703 (−1.995 to 0.588)	−0.472 (−1.828 to 0.884)	−0.388 (−1.808 to 1.031)
College or above			−2.508 (−4.156 to −0.861)	−2.195 (−3.692 to −0.698)	−2.082 (−3.569 to −0.595)	−1.717 (−3.285 to −0.150)	−1.687 (−3.306 to −0.067)
Physical factors
PROMIS sleep disturbance				0.254 (0.193 to 0.315)	0.216 (0.153 to 0.279)	0.216 (0.150 to 0.282)	0.200 (0.131 to 0.269)
Body mass index				0.093 (0.028 to 0.159)	0.089 (0.023 to 0.154)	0.08 (0.011 to 0.148)	0.092 (0.021 to 0.164)
PROMIS physical health				−2.415 (−3.067 to −1.762)	−2.226 (−2.885 to −1.566)	−2.379 (−3.067 to −1.692)	−2.647 (−3.369 to −1.925)
Psychological factors
PROMIS anxiety					0.012 (−0.063 to 0.087)	0.037 (−0.044 to 0.117)	0.016 (−0.069 to 0.101)
PROMIS depression					−0.047 (−0.115 to 0.021)	−0.026 (−0.096 to 0.045)	−0.017 (−0.091 to 0.057)
PROMIS anger					0.125 (0.065 to 0.186)	0.125 (0.061 to 0.189)	0.137 (0.069 to 0.204)
Behavioral factors
Smoking
Not current						Ref	Ref
Current						0.179 (−1.441 to 1.798)	0.297 (−1.397 to 1.991)
Coping with religion						0.087 (−0.186 to 0.360)	0.185 (−0.101 to 0.471)
Coping with substance use and alcohol						−0.305 (−0.804 to 0.194)	−0.317 (−0.824 to 0.190)
Coping with self-blame						−0.307 (−0.689 to 0.075)	−0.424 (−0.823 to −0.026)
Coping with denial						0.046 (−0.325 to 0.418)	0.047 (−0.333 to 0.427)
Social factors
PROMIS emotional support							−0.016 (−0.086 to 0.054)
PROMIS social isolation							0.043 (−0.034 to 0.120)
Financial strain							−0.013 (−0.226 to 0.199)
Discrimination score							−0.595 (−1.581 to 0.392)

Model 1: Disease-related factors; Model 2: Model 1 + demographic factors; Model 3: Model 2 + socioeconomic factors; Model 4: Model 3 + physical factors; Model 5: Model 4 + psychological factors; Model 6: Model 5 + behavioral factors; Model 7: Model 6 + social factors.

^*Statistically significant variables in the final model are bolded