Table 1.
Glycaemic status, anthropometry measurements, biochemical characteristics, lycopene intake and peripheral antioxidant capacity of the T2DM and control groups.
| Parameters | T2DM (n = 87) | Control (n = 122) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Glycaemic status | |||
| FPG (mmol/L) | 7.9 ± 2.7a | 5.1 ± 1.3b | <.0001** |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.0 ± 1.5a | 4.8 ± 0.6b | <.0001** |
| Anthropometry measurements | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.5 ± 5.3 | 27.9 ± 3.3 | .133 |
| WC (cm) | 98.6 ± 13.5 | 96.9 ± 8.2 | .267 |
| HC (cm) | 104.6 ± 11.9 | 102.9 ± 5.8 | .619 |
| MUAC | 12.5 ± 1.9 | 12.8 ± 0.6 | .468 |
| CC | 14.7 ± 1.9 | 15.1 ± 0.8 | .332 |
| Biochemical characteristics | |||
| SBP (mmHg) | 141.2 ± 19.5 | 133.2 ± 10.3 | .438 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.3 ± 10.8 | 75.8 ± 8.1 | .786 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | .112 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 0.8 | .133 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.2 ± 0.3a | 1.5 ± 0.1b | <.0001** |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.7 ± 0.9a | 2.4 ± 0.7b | .013* |
| Dietary lycopene intake (µg/d) | 2759.5 ± 2307.9 | 2844.9 ± 2112.4 | .749 |
| Peripheral antioxidant capacity | |||
| TAC (U/mL) | 11.7 ± 1.8a | 14.3 ± 2.9b | .015* |
| GPx (U/L) | 352.7 ± 32.6a | 398.2 ± 19.1b | <.0001** |
| SOD (U/mL) | 51.1 ± 3.0a | 63.3 ± 1.5b | .031* |
a,bValues in the same row that do not share the same superscript letter are significantly different.
*p< .05; **p< .0001.
BMI: body mass index; CC: calf circumference; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; HC: hip circumference; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MUAC: mid-upper arm circumference; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; WC: waist circumference.