Table 1.
Baseline characteristics shown for all patients and classified according to the occurrence of MACE within 30 days after surgery
| Overall (n = 2265; 100%) | No 30-day MACE (n = 1921; 84.8%) | 30-day MACE (n = 344; 15.2%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 73 (68–79) | 73 (68–79) | 77 (70–82) | <0.001 |
| Sex, male | 1281 (56.6) | 1086 (56.7) | 192 (55.8) | 0.77 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 621 (27.4) | 489 (25.5) | 132 (38.4) | <0.001 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 303 (13.4) | 230 (12.0) | 73 (21.2) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 244 (10.9) | 177 (9.2) | 67 (20.7) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 340 (15.0) | 251 (13.1) | 89 (25.9) | <0.001 |
| Valvular heart disease | 249 (11.0) | 180 (9.4) | 69 (20.1) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 385 (17.0) | 298 (15.5) | 87 (25.3) | <0.001 |
| Prior stroke | 210 (9.3) | 173 (9.0) | 37 (10.8) | 0.31 |
| Hypertension | 1453 (64.2) | 1209 (62.9) | 244 (70.9) | 0.005 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 521 (23.0) | 410 (21.3) | 111 (32.3) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD ≥ III) | 330 (14.6) | 236 (12.3) | 94 (27.3) | <0.001 |
| Active cancer | 568 (25.1) | 501 (26.1) | 67 (19.5) | 0.008 |
| Type of surgery | <0.001 | |||
| Elective surgery | 1492 (65.9) | 1306 (68.0) | 186 (54.13) | |
| Urgent surgery (>24 h) | 339 (15.0) | 265 (13.8) | 74(21.5) | |
| Emergency surgery (≤24 h) | 434 (19.2) | 350 (18.2) | 84 (24.4) | |
| Surgical speciality | <0.001 | |||
| Orthopaedic | 262 (11.6) | 219 (11.4) | 43 (12.5) | |
| Trauma | 417 (18.4) | 338 (17.6) | 79 (23.0) | |
| Spinal | 355 (15.7) | 309 (16.1) | 46 (13.4) | |
| Thoracic | 192 (8.5) | 149 (7.8) | 43 (12.5) | |
| Urologic | 358 (15.8) | 327 (17.0) | 31 (9.0) | |
| Vascular | 279 (12.3) | 220 (11.5) | 59 (17.2) | |
| Visceral | 316 (14.0) | 286 (14.9) | 30 (8.7) | |
| Other | 86 (3.8) | 73 (3.8) | 13 (3.8) |
Continuous variables are presented as medians (1st and 3rd quartile), categorical variables are presented as numbers (%). Continuous variables were compared with the Mann–Whitney U test, and categorical variables with the Fisher’s exact test.
CKD-EPI, chronic kidney disease-epidemiology collaboration; MACE, major adverse cardiac events.