Figure 8. The JAK1/JAK2 signaling pathway inhibitor ruxolitinib improves cure rate of MV-s-NAP-uPA plus anti-PD1–treated mice.

(A) C57BL/6 mice bearing CT-2A gliomas were treated as described in the schema. Mice received 50 mg/kg ruxolitinib or vehicle (DMSO) twice daily by oral gavage. Ruxolitinib administration started 1 day before viral therapy and was terminated 3 days after the last viral injection. (B) Body weights (grams) of animals receiving various combination treatments. (C) Survival outcome of mice bearing CT-2A glioma and treated as described. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Benjamini and Hochberg adjustment for multiple comparisons were used to calculate median survival times and compare survival between animal groups (n = 8 mice per group). (D) Cellular immune response was quantified in the brain of mice harboring CT-2A tumors. Animals were sacrificed for correlative analysis when 2 mice from the inactivated MV-s-NAP-uPA plus DMSO plus isotype control group exhibited GBM disease symptoms. Mice were perfused and individual brains were collected and analyzed by flow cytometry (n = 4–5 mice per group). All values represent mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001 by 2-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. NS, not significant. Detailed statistical differences between groups are presented in Table 3.