Table 1.
Patients characteristics and univariate associations for thrombosis-related risk factors.
| Risk factor | Thrombosis group (n = 1666) | Nonthrombosis group (n = 996) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex [n (%)] | 0.0018# | ||
| Male | 870 (52.22%) | 458 (45.98%) | |
| Female | 796 (47.78%) | 538 (54.02%) | |
| Age [median (IQR)] | 73 (25.5) | 64 (34) | <0.0001@ |
| BMI [median (IQR)] | 23.46 (4.72) | 23.88 (4.89) | 0.0023@ |
| Fracture site [n (%)] | 0.001# | ||
| Tibia/fibula | 299 (17.95%) | 88 (8.84%) | |
| Femur | 1199 (71.97%) | 835 (83.84%) | |
| Hip | 168 (10.08%) | 73 (7.33%) | |
| Energy [n (%)] | 0.1085# | ||
| Low | 1209 (72.57%) | 751 (75.40%) | |
| High | 457 (27.43%) | 245 (24.60%) | |
| Open wound [n (%)] | 0.0014# | ||
| No | 1481 (88.90%) | 923 (92.67%) | |
| Yes | 185 (11.10%) | 73 (7.33%) | |
| Traumatic brain injury [n (%)] | 0.1611# | ||
| No | 1553 (93.22%) | 942 (94.58%) | |
| Yes | 113 (6.78%) | 54 (5.42%) | |
| Cardiovascular history [n (%)] | <0.0001# | ||
| No | 1102 (66.15%) | 579 (58.13%) | |
| Yes | 564 (33.85%) | 417 (41.87%) | |
| History of type II diabetes [n (%)] | 0.0151# | ||
| No | 1447 (86.85%) | 831 (83.43%) | |
| Yes | 219 (13.15%) | 165 (16.57%) | |
| Smoking history [n (%)] | 0.5171# | ||
| No | 1482 (88.96%) | 894 (89.76%) | |
| Yes | 184 (11.04%) | 102 (10.24%) | |
| Blood lipid [median (IQR)] | |||
| TG | 1.04 (0.72) | 1.04 (0.67) | 0.3573@ |
| HDL | 1.17 (0.5) | 1.20 (0.44) | 0.0971@ |
| LDL | 2.24 (0.95) | 2.27 (0.92) | 0.1570@ |
| D-dimer [median (IQR)] | 2.2 (3.82) | 1.99 (3.14) | 0.1570@ |
| Clotting function [median (IQR)] | |||
| TT | 15.3 (2.8) | 15.1 (2.4) | 0.0209@ |
| PT | 12.4 (2.00) | 12.1 (1.7) | <0.0001@ |
| APTT | 29.4 (6.3) | 30.8 (7.9) | <0.0001@ |
| FIB | 3.6 (1.6) | 3.6 (1.3) | 0.4257@ |
| Duration of surgery [median (IQR)] | 2.0 (1.3) | 2.0 (1.2) | 0.3389@ |
| Fracture fixation type [n (%)] | <0.0001# | ||
| Internal fixation | 1266 (75.99%) | 882 (88.55%) | |
| External fixation | 117 (7.02%) | 22 (2.21%) | |
| Other types | 283 (16.99%) | 92 (9.24%) | |
| Blood transfusion during hospitalization [n (%)] | <.0001# | ||
| No | 879 (52.76%) | 348 (34.94%) | |
| Yes | 787 (47.24%) | 648 (65.06%) | |
| Anticoagulation drugs [n (%)] | <0.0001∗ | ||
| No | 312 (18.73%) | 42 (4.22%) | |
| Yes | 1354 (81.27%) | 954 (95.78%) |
#Comparison among groups using χ2 or CMH-χ2; ∗Comparison among groups using Fisher's exact probability test; @Comparison among groups using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test; IQR: interquartile range.