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. 2021 Jul 1;110:83–92. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.056

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© 2021 The Authors

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Distribution of CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets in the blood. (A) Representative flow cytometry analysis of the gating strategy, leukocytes (CD45+), T cell (CD3+), and CD4 and CD8 T cells. (B) Based on CD45RA and CCR7 expression, CD4 and CD8 have four main subsets: naïve (CD45RA+CCR7+), central memory (TCM, CD45RA−CCR7+), effector memory (TEM, CD45RA−CCR7−), and revertant effector memory TEMRA (CD45RA+CCR7−); CD4+ subset in the upper panel and CD8+ subsets in the lower panel. (C) The four main subsets, naïve (dark blue), TCM (green), TEM (light blue), and TEMRA (orange), are further divided into a different subset based on surface expression of CD27 and CD28. (D) CD4 is separated into T follicular helper cells (PD-1+CD45RA−). CD4 and CD8 are divided into cytotoxic (PD-1+CD57+) and senescence cells (PD-1−CD57+); CD4+ subset in the left panel and CD8+ subsets in the right panel.