Table 1.
Efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants
| Variants | Mutation region | Humoral immunity | Origin country |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wild type | X | Vaccination - High efficacy : BNT162b2 (Pfizer) (Polack et al., 2020), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (Baden et al., 2021), NVX- CoV2373 (Mahase, 2021), AZD1222 (AstraZeneca) (Voysey et al., 2021), JNJ-7843673 (Johnson & Johnson) (Sadoff et al., 2021) Neutralization - High efficacy : REGN-COV2 (Baum et al., 2020a), Bamlanivimab (Chen et al., 2021; Gottlieb et al., 2021) |
Wuhan, China |
| D614G | D614G in spike | Vaccination - High efficacy (Weissman et al., 2021) : BNT162b2 (Pfizer) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b; Mahase, 2021; Zou et al., 2021), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b) |
Europe |
| B.1.1.7 (501Y.V1) | -Three amino acid deletions and seven missense mutations in spike -D614G as well as N501Y in the ACE2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) |
Vaccination - High efficacy : BNT162b2 (Pfizer) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b; Hoffmann et al., 2021; Muik et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2021b), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b; Wang et al., 2021b; Wu et al., 2021), NVX-CoV2373 (Heath et al., 2021; Muik et al., 2021) - Significantly decreased efficacy : BNT162b2 (Pfizer) (Collier et al., 2021) Neutralization - High efficacy : Imdevimab, Casirivimab, REGN-COV2, REGN10989, Bamlanivimab (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b; Muik et al., 2021) |
UK |
| B.1.1.298 | Two-amino acid deletion and four spike missense mutations including Y453F in RBD | Vaccination - High efficacy : BNT162b2 (Pfizer) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b) |
Denmark |
| B.1.427/429 | 4 spike missense mutations, L452R mutation in RBD | Vaccination - High efficacy : BNT162b2 (Pfizer) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b) - Significantly decreased efficacy : BNT162b2 (Pfizer) (Deng et al., 2021), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (Deng et al., 2021) Neutralization - Significantly decreased efficacy (Li et al., 2020) : Bamlanivimab (An EUA for bamlanivimab, 2020) |
California, USA |
| P.2 (B.1.1.28 lineage) | 3 spike missense mutations E484K mutation in RBD |
Reinfection Cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection (Nonaka et al., 2021; Resende et al., 2021) Vaccination - Significantly decreased efficacy : BNT162b2 (Pfizer) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b) |
Brazil, Japan |
| P.1 (B.1.1.28 lineage, 501Y.V3) | 12 spike missense mutations E484K, K417T, N501Y mutation in RBD |
Reinfection Cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection (Naveca et al., 2021; Nonaka et al., 2021; Resende et al., 2021) Vaccination - Significantly decreased efficacy : BNT162b2 (Pfizer) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b; Nonaka et al., 2021), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b) Neutralization - High efficiency : Imdevimab, REGN-COV2 (Resende et al., 2021) - Significantly decreased efficacy : Casirivimab (partial), REGN10989, Bamlanivimab (An EUA for bamlanivimab, 2020; Hoffmann et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2021) |
Brazil, Japan |
| B.1.351 lineage (501Y.V2) | 3 RBD mutations, K417N, E484K, and N501Y, in addition to several mutations outside of RBD | Reinfection The risk of reinfection has been reported (Wibmer et al., 2021) Vaccination - High efficacy : JNJ-7843673 (Johnson & Johnson) (Sadoff et al., 2021), BNT162b2 (Pfizer) (Xie et al., 2021) - Significantly decreased efficacy : BNT162b2 (Pfizer) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b; Wu et al., 2021), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) (Garcia-Beltran et al., 2021b; Wang et al., 2021b; Wu et al., 2021), NVX-CoV2373 (Heath et al., 2021; Mahase, 2021), AZD1222 (Voysey et al., 2021) Neutralization - High efficacy : Imdevimab, REGN-COV2, VIR-7831 (Hoffmann et al., 2021) - Significantly decreased efficacy : Casirivimab, REGN10989, Bamlanivimab (An EUA for bamlanivimab, 2020; Hoffmann et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2021) |
South Africa |
| B.1.526 | E484K, S477N mutation in RBD, L5F, T95I, D253G, D614G, and A701V in spike | Neutralization - Significantly decreased efficacy : Bamlanivimab (An EUA for bamlanivimab, 2020) |
New York, USA |
| Other variants (outcome prediction) | Mutations in RBD such as A475V, Q493R, R346S, N439K, 440K, etc. | Prediction of vaccines and therapeutics efficacy against various RBD mutants SARS-CoV-2 (Baum et al., 2020b; Greaney et al., 2021; Pinto et al., 2020; Starr et al., 2021) | - |