Table 1.
Baseline demographics and metabolic characteristics
| Characteristic | CSII (n=204) |
MDI (n=211) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis (years) | 15 (10–26) | 21 (12–33) | <0.001 |
| Age at study entry (years) | 38 (29–48) | 43 (31–53) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 18 (11–25) | 16 (8–27) | 0.63 |
| Sex M:F (%M) | 76:128 (37.3) | 90:121 (42.7) | 0.31 |
| Weight (kg) | 78.9 (67.6–90.3) | 79.5 (67.6–91.5) | 0.84 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.9 (24.0–31.2) | 27.1 (24.2–30.4) | 0.97 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 66 (58–74) | 67 (60–80) | <0.05 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.2 (7.5–8.9) | 8.3 (7.6–9.5) | <0.05 |
| SIMD | 4 (3–5) | 3 (2–5) | <0.05 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.7 (4.2–5.2) | 4.8 (4.2–5.4) | 0.14 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 73 (67–83) | 74 (68–84) | 0.26 |
| Systolic BP (mm/Hg) | 128 (118–140) | 128 (120–138) | 0.95 |
| Diastolic BP (mm/Hg) | 78 (73–84) | 77 (71–83) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | 0.20 | ||
| Non-smoker | 141 (69) | 131 (62) | |
| Ex-smoker | 48 (24) | 55 (26) | |
| Current smoker | 15 (7) | 25 (12) | |
| Baseline diabetic retinopathy grading | 0.10 | ||
| R0 | 93 (45.6) | 100 (47.4) | |
| R1 | 109 (53.4) | 101 (47.9) | |
| R2 | 0 | 2 (0.9) | |
| R3 | 2 (1.0) | 8 (3.8) | |
| R4 | Excluded | Excluded |
Data are median (IQR) or number (%) unless otherwise indicated. p values were calculated using unpaired t test for continuous numerical data and χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical data. Baseline grading indicates the overall baseline retinopathy grading for each individual. As retinal data were available for both eyes, the more severe retinal grading outcome for that individual was used as the baseline
F, female; M, male