Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Variable | All subjects (n = 1068) | Alcoholic liver disease (n = 171) | Chronic hepatitis B (n = 355) | Chronic hepatitis C (n = 55) | NAFLD (n = 227) | Autoimmune disease (n = 185) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 56 (47–62) | 57 (48–64) | 55 (49–62) | 60 (56–65) | 52 (39–61) | 55 (45–61) |
| Sex, male | 569 (51.4) | 139 (81.3) | 185 (52.1) | 24 (43.6) | 132 (58.1) | 38 (20.5) |
| AST, IU/L | 33 (25–50) | 37 (27–62) | 29 (24–36) | 25 (21–33) | 41 (29–64) | 38 (29–60) |
| ALT, IU/L | 24 (16–41) | 20 (14–32) | 22 (17–32) | 16 (12–24) | 37 (24–67) | 26 (17–52.5) |
| GGT, IU/L | 45 (23–91) | 89 (45–256) | 25 (17–55) | 30 (21–47.75) | 48 (30–77.25) | 38.5 (23–72.5) |
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.77 (0.61–1.04) | 0.95 (0.71–1.47) | 0.8 (0.62–1.04) | 0.65 (0.55–0.87) | 0.75 (0.58–0.95) | 0.62 (0.49–0.75) |
| ALP, IU/L | 82 (68–104) | 90 (74–124) | 80 (66–97.25) | 77 (64–96) | 79 (67–91) | 88 (69–107.5) |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.3 (4.1–4.5) | 4.2 (3.8–4.5) | 4.4 (4.2–4.6) | 4.3 (4.1–4.5) | 4.5 (4.3–4.7) | 4.2 (3.9–4.4) |
| TG, mg/dL | 115 (84–167.25) | 123 (87–197) | 91 (70–137) | 108 (81.5–145.5) | 142 (112–193.5) | 114 (82.5–158.5) |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 48 (40–58) | 45 (30–57.5) | 50 (41–61) | 44.5 (40.25–58.5) | 46 (40–54) | 50 (38–62) |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 100 (80–120.75) | 84 (64.5–110) | 103 (87–122) | 94 (77–110) | 107 (86.75–129.25) | 103 (85–118.5) |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 178.31 ± 40.16 | 172.25 ± 45.36 | 176.89 ± 35.25 | 171.11 ± 34.93 | 187 ± 40.63 | 182.15 ± 38.98 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 14 (12.9–15.3) | 14.2 (12.4–15.2) | 14.4 (13.2–15.5) | 13.8 (12.9–15.1) | 14.9 (13.8–15.8) | 13.3 (12.3–14.2) |
| WBC (× 109/L) | 5.5 (4.5–6.8) | 5.3 (4.5–6.7) | 5.2 (4.1–6.3) | 5.4 (4.6–6.9) | 6.6 (5.2–7.6) | 5.8 (4.35–7.2) |
| Platelet (× 109/L) | 204 (160.25–248) | 181 (119–230) | 189 (151–228) | 191 (148–228) | 235 (198–279) | 225 (181–276.5) |
| INR | 1.05 (1–1.11) | 1.08 (1.02–1.23) | 1.06 (1.02–1.11) | 1.05 (1–1.11) | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) | 1.04 (1–1.1) |
| Hypertension, n | 111 (10.4) | 18 (10.5) | 31 (8.7) | 5 (9.1) | 31 (13.7) | 19 (10.3) |
| Diabetes, n | 311 (29.1) | 65 (38) | 71 (20) | 18 (32.7) | 108 (47.6) | 33 (17.8) |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma, n | 39 (3.7) | 9 (5.3) | 25 (7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 | 0 |
| Liver stiffness, kPa | 2.5 (2.06–3.38) | 3.72 (2.44–5.84) | 2.31 (1.95–3.01) | 2.63 (2.17–3.65) | 2.36 (2.05–2.95) | 2.31 (1.94–2.78) |
| Significant fibrosis (≥ F2), n | 252 (23.6) | 88 (51.5) | 65 (18.3) | 16 (29.1) | 35 (15.4) | 10 (5.4) |
| Advanced fibrosis (≥ F3), n | 198 (18.5) | 81 (47.4) | 48 (13.5) | 10 (18.2) | 22 (9.7) | 6 (3.2) |
| PDFF, % | 3.5 (2–8.5) | 3.3 (2–7.23) | 2.6 (1.8–4.3) | 2.8 (1.8–4.7) | 13.9 (9.5–21.4) | 3.2 (1.8–8.5) |
| Hepatic fibrosis index | ||||||
| FIB-4 | 1.81 (1.2–3.01) | 2.77 (1.62–5.24) | 1.81 (1.32–2.67) | 1.93 (1.41–3.01) | 1.44 (0.94–2.13) | 1.7 (1.16–2.67) |
| APRI | 0.42 (0.3–0.71) | 0.55 (0.32–1.28) | 0.37 (0.3–0.56) | 0.35 (0.25–0.5) | 0.46 (0.31–0.72) | 0.42 (0.29–0.72) |
| AST/ALT | 1.35 (0.96–1.92) | 1.88 (1.37–2.69) | 1.29 (1.04–1.63) | 1.64 (1.1–2) | 1 (0.73–1.7) | 1.35 (0.97–1.99) |
| Ultrasound findings | ||||||
| Negative, n | 356 (39.1) | 34 (22.8) | 93 (27.8) | 7 (13.2) | 119 (79.9) | 99 (58.6) |
| Chronic liver disease, n | 294 (32.3) | 34 (22.8) | 129 (38.5) | 29 (54.7) | 23 (15.4) | 53 (31.4) |
| Liver cirrhosis, n | 260 (28.6) | 81 (54.4) | 113 (33.7) | 17 (32.1) | 7 (4.7) | 17 (10.1) |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median with interquartile range in parentheses, or numbers of subjects with percentage in parentheses. NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, TG triglyceride, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, WBC white blood cell count, INR international normalized ratio, kPa kilopascals, PDFF proton density fat fraction.