Table 1.
Baseline characteristics stratified by depression-related weight change in Ontario adults in the NPHS 1996, CCHS Cycle 1.1, CCHS Cycle 2.1 (n = 59,315).
| Depressive episodes with weight change | No depressive episodes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight gain | No weight change | Weight loss | No depressive episodes | |
| N | 562 | 2530 | 873 | 55,350 |
| Age group % (95% CI) | ||||
| 18–24 | 16.8 (10.3–23.2) | 18.3 (16.1–20.5) | 19.2 (15.0–23.4) | 12.6 (12.2–13.1) |
| 25–34 | 22.0 (17.3–26.7) | 22.3 (19.9–24.7) | 20.4 (16.4–24.3) | 18.7 (18.2–19.3) |
| 35–44 | 30.5 (25.1–35.9) | 27.9 (25.4–30.3) | 27.6 (23.3–31.9) | 24.0 (23.5–24.6) |
| 45–54 | 20.4 (15.9–25.0) | 19.5 (17.3–21.7) | 18.0 (13.9–22.1) | 18.4 (17.9–18.9) |
| 55–64 | 7.6 (4.5–10.8) | 7.7 (6.4–9.0) | 7.3 (4.2–10.4) | 11.8 (11.5–12.2) |
| 65+ | 2.7 (0.3–5.0) | 4.3 (3.4–5.3) | 7.5 (5.0–10.0) | 14.3 (14.0–14.7) |
| Sex % (95% CI) | ||||
| Female | 73.2 (67.2–79.3) | 68.7 (66.1–71.3) | 57.5 (52.4–62.7) | 50.4 (49.8–51.1) |
| Male | 26.8 (20.7–32.8) | 31.3 (28.7–33.9) | 42.5 (37.3–47.6) | 49.6 (48.9–50.2) |
| Education level % (95% CI) | ||||
| Less than high school | 17.0 (12.8–21.3) | 19.9 (17.6–22.2) | 21.6 (17.2–26.0) | 17.4 (17.0–17.9) |
| High school graduate | 23.0 (17.2–28.8) | 20.8 (18.6–23.0) | 21.8 (17.8–25.9) | 21.5 (21.0–22.0) |
| Post-secondary | 60.0 (53.7–66.2) | 59.3 (56.6–62.0) | 56.6 (51.5–61.6) | 61.1 (60.5–61.7) |
| Annual household income % (95% CI) | ||||
| < $20,000 | 16.6 (12.1–21.1) | 16.8 (14.7–19.0) | 19.4 (15.8–23.1) | 10.9 (10.5–11.3) |
| $20,000–80,000 | 60.6 (54.3–66.9) | 59.7 (56.6–62.8) | 57.2 (51.8–62.6) | 60.4 (59.8–61.1) |
| > $80,000 | 22.8 (17.3–28.3) | 23.4 (20.7–26.2) | 23.4 (18.4–28.4) | 28.7 (28.1–29.3) |
| Marital status % (95% CI) | ||||
| Married or common-law | 52.5 (46.1–58.8) | 50.2 (47.5–53.0) | 42.6 (37.5–47.7) | 65.1 (64.5–65.7) |
| Single, separated, divorced, or widowed | 47.5 (41.2–53.9) | 49.8 (47.0–52.5) | 57.4 (52.3–62.5) | 34.9 (34.3–35.5) |
| Geography % (95% CI) | ||||
| Urban | 85.2 (81.5–88.9) | 90.4 (89.0–91.7) | 87.2 (84.3–90.1) | 86.8 (86.4–87.1) |
| Rural | 14.8 (11.1–18.5) | 9.6 (8.3–11.0) | 12.8 (9.9–15.7) | 13.2 (12.9–13.6) |
| Ethnicity % (95% CI) | ||||
| White | 90.9 (87.1–94.7) | 86.4 (84.1–88.7) | 85.9 (81.4–90.5) | 83.4 (82.8–83.9) |
| Other | 9.1 (5.3–12.9) | 13.6 (11.3–15.9) | 14.1 (9.5–18.6) | 16.6 (16.1–17.2) |
| Born in Canada % (95% CI) | ||||
| Born in Canada | 79.0 (73.4–84.6) | 75.3 (72.6–78.0) | 77.9 (73.1–82.7) | 69.3 (68.6–69.9) |
| Born outside of Canada | 21.0 (15.4–26.6) | 24.7 (22.0–27.4) | 22.1 (17.3–26.9) | 30.7 (30.1–31.4) |
| Smoking status % (95% CI) | ||||
| Current | 39.6 (33.3–45.9) | 40.5 (37.8–43.1) | 47.7 (42.7–52.8) | 25.3 (24.7–25.8) |
| Former | 35.6 (29.6–41.6) | 31.4 (28.9–33.9) | 30.1 (25.1–35.1) | 35.7 (35.1–36.3) |
| Never | 24.8 (19.7–30.0) | 28.1 (25.5–30.7) | 22.2 (17.6–26.8) | 39.0 (38.4–39.6) |
| Alcohol consumption % (95% CI) | ||||
| Frequent | 56.4 (50.3–62.5) | 59.9 (57.2–62.6) | 57.7 (52.6–62.8) | 62.8 (62.2–63.4) |
| Occasional | 23.1 (18.1–28.1) | 23.5 (21.1–25.8) | 20.2 (16.4–24.0) | 18.4 (17.9–18.9) |
| Former | 15.8 (11.6–20.0) | 10.8 (9.3–12.4) | 15.9 (12.1–19.7) | 10.7 (10.4–11.1) |
| Abstain | 4.7 (2.4–6.9) | 5.8 (4.1–7.5) | 6.2 (2.7–9.7) | 8.1 (7.7–8.5) |
| Physical activity level % (95% CI) | ||||
| Active | 17.6 (13.1–22.1) | 21.4 (19.1–23.7) | 23.2 (18.9–27.4) | 21.5 (21.0–22.0) |
| Moderate | 26.0 (20.1–31.9) | 22.4 (20.2–24.6) | 21.2 (17.2–25.2) | 24.0 (23.5–24.5) |
| Inactive | 56.4 (50.1–62.7) | 56.2 (53.5–58.9) | 55.6 (50.6–60.7) | 54.5 (53.9–55.2) |
| High blood pressure % (95% CI) | ||||
| Yes | 13.6 (8.6–18.7) | 9.4 (7.9–10.9) | 10.9 (7.6–14.2) | 12.3 (12.0–12.7) |
| No | 86.4 (81.3–91.4) | 90.6 (89.1–92.1) | 89.1 (85.8–92.4) | 87.7 (87.3–88.0) |
| Heart disease % (95% CI) | ||||
| Yes | 2.5 (1.3–3.7) | 4.8 (3.8–5.9) | 6.5 (2.9–10.2) | 4.3 (4.1–4.5) |
| No | 97.5 (96.3–98.7) | 95.2 (94.1–96.2) | 93.5 (89.8–97.1) | 95.7 (95.5–95.9) |
| BMI category % (95% CI)a | ||||
| Under 25 kg/m2 | 26.2 (20.1–32.2) | 47.8 (45.0–50.6) | 57.9 (52.9–62.9) | 42.4 (41.8–43.0) |
| 25–30 kg/m2 | 36.4 (30.3–42.6) | 31.9 (29.3–34.6) | 29.0 (24.5–33.4) | 38.5 (37.9–39.1) |
| 30 kg/m2 and above | 37.4 (31.5–43.4) | 20.3 (18.1–22.4) | 13.2 (9.7–16.6) | 19.2 (18.7–19.6) |
| Antidepressant use % (95% CI)b | ||||
| Yes | 43.7 (36.2–51.1) | 23.8 (21.0–26.6) | 29.2 (24.0–34.4) | 2.9 (2.7–3.1) |
| No | 56.3 (48.9–63.8) | 76.2 (73.4–79.0) | 70.8 (65.6–76.0) | 97.1 (96.9–97.3) |
| Medication for blood pressure % (95% CI)b | ||||
| Yes | 6.6 (3.6–9.6) | 6.6 (4.9–8.2) | 8.5 (4.8–12.2) | 10.3 (9.9–10.7) |
| No | 93.4 (90.4–96.4) | 93.4 (91.8–95.1) | 91.5 (87.8–95.2) | 89.7 (89.3–90.1) |
| Medication for heart problems % (95% CI)b | ||||
| Yes | 3.8 (1.2–6.3) | 3.7 (2.5–4.9) | 5.4 (1.4–9.5) | 4.4 (4.2–4.7) |
| No | 96.2 (93.7–98.8) | 96.3 (95.1–97.5) | 94.6 (90.5–98.6) | 95.6 (95.3–95.8) |
Weighted using survey weights provided by Statistics Canada; all missing covariates imputed.
aBMI categories corrected using Gorber’s correction equations.
bN = 39,717, excluding participants not asked optional medication module (n = 19,552) or missing information on medication (n = 45).