Fig. 2.

In vivo multiphoton microscopy confirmation of DNA deposition in the liver microvasculature during radiation-induced injury. Mice underwent IR and after 24 h, were prepared for multiphoton microscopy. Arrows indicate extensive extracellular DNA deposition within the vessels. a Liver intravital multiphoton microscopy from an IR mouse and a sham-IR mouse (10× or 40× magnification) showing areas of DNA accumulation. Green: Sytox Green; red: phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-CD31. b dsDNA concentration in hepatic TIF. c Schematic representation depicting isolation of hepatocytes and NPCs in mice treated with 30-cGy whole-liver irradiation. d Both hepatocytes and NPCs were cultured in vitro for 24 h, and the supernatants were then harvested to measure dsDNA. Comparison of DNA sensors cGAS (e), STING (f), and TLR9 (g) gene and protein expression levels by real-time PCR and western blot analysis in different cell populations. Mean ± SD; n = 5. *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001 compared with hepatocytes