TABLE 6.

Summary of the candidate COVID-19 vaccines in clinical/post-clinical evaluation.

Name of vaccine	Mechanisms	Location	References
mRNA-1273	Lipid nanoparticle encapsulated mRNA (RNA) that can code S protein of SARS-CoV-2	United States	[167]
ChAdOx1	Attenuated adenovirus vector able of generating the S protein of SARS-CoV-2	United Kingdom	[176]
BNT162	mRNA vaccine expressing codon-optimized undisclosed SARS-CoV-2 proteins	Germany	[162]
INO-4800	DNA plasmid vaccine	United States, South Korea	[180]
Ad5-nCoV	Adenovirus type 5 as vector for loading some gene fragments of SARS-CoV-2 in order to express S protein	China	[213]
PittCoVacc	Employs microneedle array for delivering pieces of S-protein into body	United States	[181]
NVX-CoV2373	A stable, perfusion protein established by nanoparticle technology	United States	[173]