TABLE 9.
Pharmacokinetic parameters of PM after oral administration (n = 6) at the doses of 50 g/kg. Data were expressed as mean ± SD.
| TSG | Emodin | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal group | ANIT group | CCl4 group | Normal group | ANIT group | CCl4 group | |
| AUC (0-∞) (ug/L*h) | 12,860.002 ± 1,267.111 | 340,555.228 ± 8,676.096*** | 116,021.02 ± 3,800.387*** | 3,396.707 ± 266.27 | 1,495.195 ± 99.774*** | 5,967.825 ± 451.127*** |
| MRT (0-∞) (h) | 4.54 ± 1.225 | 6.031 ± 1.926** | 3.4 ± 1.039** | 6.093 ± 1.83 | 22.849 ± 5.28*** | 1.234 ± 0.681*** |
| t1/2z (h) | 1.947 ± 0.806 | 2.606 ± 0.612** | 2.806 ± 0.878* | 3.681 ± 1.075 | 3.913 ± 0.821 | 3.654 ± 0.267 |
| Tmax (h) | 0.25 ± 0.0293 | 0.5 ± 0.0278*** | 0.75 ± 0.136*** | 0.167 ± 0.059 | 0.25 ± 0.063** | 0.25 ± 0.0659** |
| Vz/F (L/kg) | 4.369 ± 0.711 | 0.221 ± 0.0206*** | 0.698 ± 0.073*** | 31.274 ± 3.246 | 75.533 ± 8.863*** | 68.125 ± 6.027*** |
| CLz/F (L/h/kg) | 1.555 ± 0.15 | 0.059 ± 0.008*** | 0.172 ± 0.0484*** | 5.888 ± 1.3 | 13.376 ± 1.245*** | 3.351 ± 2.464** |
| Cmax (ug/L) | 15,042.977 ± 1,420.87 | 99,300.972 ± 1,092.408*** | 50,633.759 ± 2,885.149*** | 4,095.622 ± 119.478 | 606.742 ± 29.949*** | 6,430.985 ± 552.673*** |
| E-glu | Catechin | |||||
| Normal group | ANIT group | CCl4 group | Normal group | ANIT group | CCl4 group | |
| AUC (0-∞) (ug/L*h) | 1878.279 ± 537.5 | 1723.354 ± 169.583 | 14,197.913 ± 845.631*** | 12,627.797 ± 498.523 | 11,568.084 ± 195.158** | 1,502.738 ± 140.965*** |
| MRT (0-∞) (h) | 3.881 ± 1.519 | 2.813 ± 0.872*** | 2.437 ± 1.173*** | 145.555 ± 11.305 | 252.563 ± 3.754*** | 11.218 ± 1.227*** |
| t1/2z (h) | 3.92 ± 0.219 | 4.678 ± 1.101** | 4.002 ± 1.399 | 103.734 ± 14.95 | 177.313 ± 1.093** | 3.757 ± 0.816** |
| Tmax (h) | 0.25 ± 0.0301 | 1 ± 0.248*** | 1 ± 0.289*** | 0.25 ± 0.0234 | 1 ± 0.742*** | 0.5 ± 0.0408*** |
| Vz/F (L/kg) | 60.229 ± 9.446 | 78.332 ± 4.397*** | 8.135 ± 1.747*** | 237.077 ± 18.348 | 442.359 ± 16.868*** | 72.16 ± 12.592*** |
| CLz/F (L/h/kg) | 10.648 ± 4.718 | 11.605 ± 2.029 | 1.409 ± 0.24*** | 1.584 ± 0.27 | 1.729 ± 0.229 | 13.309 ± 1.754*** |
| Cmax (ug/L) | 821.44925 ± 84.984 | 632.694 ± 49.957*** | 5,915.695 ± 871.195*** | 251.047 ± 11.768 | 84.472 ± 8.848*** | 452.775 ± 8.941*** |
| Physcion | P-glu | |||||
| Normal group | ANIT group | CCl4 group | Normal group | ANIT group | CCl4 group | |
| AUC (0-∞) (ug/L*h) | 27,822.335 ± 773.899 | 13,974.221 ± 624.579*** | 35,958.959 ± 528.665*** | 2,271.749 ± 78.37 | 7,052.215 ± 315.03*** | 1,449.713 ± 82.063*** |
| MRT (0-∞) (h) | 26.749 ± 1.523 | 37.577 ± 2.271** | 10.042 ± 1.144*** | 15.929 ± 2.36 | 18.829 ± 3.363 | 7.483 ± 1.42** |
| t1/2z (h) | 16.979 ± 1.869 | 28.937 ± 1.502*** | 8.78 ± 1.604*** | 11.252 ± 1.851 | 3.224 ± 0.473*** | 4.085 ± 0.453*** |
| Tmax (h) | 0.5 ± 0.094 | 0.75 ± 0.0238** | 1 ± 0.0675*** | 0.75 ± 0.049 | 1 ± 0.232** | 0.25 ± 0.0661*** |
| Vz/F (L/kg) | 17.612 ± 2.411 | 59.761 ± 3.407*** | 7.047 ± 1.106*** | 142.94 ± 11.136 | 13.195 ± 1.861*** | 81.316 ± 5.01** |
| CLz/F (L/h/kg) | 0.719 ± 0.0478 | 1.431 ± 0.494*** | 0.556 ± 0.085* | 8.804 ± 0.88 | 2.836 ± 0.596*** | 13.796 ± 0.503** |
| Cmax (ug/L) | 2,135.037 ± 55.906 | 1,505.553 ± 16.353*** | 5,844.122 ± 36.939*** | 148.403 ± 8.946 | 222.994 ± 13.243** | 211.025 ± 3.041** |
| Aloe-emodin | Gallic acid | |||||
| Normal group | ANIT group | CCl4 group | Normal group | ANIT group | CCl4 group | |
| AUC (0-∞) (ug/L*h) | 3,563.013 ± 34.244 | 41,745.244 ± 693.83*** | 6,619.038 ± 344.087*** | 2,774.695 ± 59.062 | 6,502.744 ± 59.616*** | 436.565 ± 9.708*** |
| MRT (0-∞) (h) | 13.988 ± 1.42 | 198.2 ± 3.166*** | 6.469 ± 0.422** | 12.834 ± 1.023 | 55.689 ± 4.221*** | 3.064 ± 0.12*** |
| t1/2z (h) | 3.545 ± 0.185 | 139.843 ± 8.294*** | 3.448 ± 0.177 | 19.71 ± 0.891 | 37.733 ± 4.056** | 4.695 ± 0.509** |
| Tmax (h) | 0.167 ± 0.051 | 0.25 ± 0.032** | 0.25 ± 0.052** | 0.25 ± 0.0728 | 0.75 ± 0.0231*** | 0.25 ± 0.0641 |
| Vz/F (L/kg) | 28.711 ± 1.55 | 96.678 ± 8.349*** | 15.032 ± 1.204* | 205.009 ± 2.203 | 167.465 ± 6.197** | 310.403 ± 9.634*** |
| CLz/F (L/h/kg) | 5.613 ± 0.385 | 0.479 ± 0.074*** | 3.022 ± 0.826** | 7.208 ± 0.841 | 3.076 ± 0.35*** | 45.812 ± 2.249*** |
| Cmax (ug/L) | 1,272.720 ± 70.28 | 1,569.070 ± 47.023 | 2,598.319 ± 41.816*** | 484.264 ± 9.872 | 181.248 ± 5.001*** | 263.718 ± 2.794** |
| Phase II metabolites of TSG | Phase II metabolites of emodin | |||||
| Normal group | ANIT group | CCl4 group | Normal group | ANIT group | CCl4 group | |
| AUC (0-∞) (ug/L*h) | 56,190.799 ± 289.468 | 1,710,295.269 ± 2,609.142*** | 606,652.048 ± 4,198.509*** | 772,114.586 ± 1,634.327 | 1,809,403.474 ± 9,951.471*** | 4,805,993.415 ± 9,226.949*** |
| MRT (0-∞) (h) | 11.038 ± 1.186 | 7.645 ± 0.169** | 8.185 ± 1.344** | 16.848 ± 1.376 | 23.806 ± 1.097** | 84.003 ± 2.207*** |
| t1/2z (h) | 16.558 ± 1.827 | 9.698 ± 1.212** | 8.044 ± 0.349*** | 12.383 ± 0.714 | 9.807 ± 1.319* | 58.469 ± 1.646*** |
| Tmax (h) | 0.75 ± 0.089 | 1 ± 0.443* | 2 ± 0.513** | 0.5 ± 0.516 | 0.5 ± 0.053 | 0.5 ± 0.043 |
| Vz/F (L/kg) | 8.505 ± 1.824 | 0.164 ± 0.055*** | 0.383 ± 0.029*** | 0.463 ± 0.028 | 0.156 ± 0.047** | 0.351 ± 0.087* |
| CLz/F (L/h/kg) | 0.356 ± 0.0329 | 0.012 ± 0.003*** | 0.033 ± 0.006*** | 0.026 ± 0.002 | 0.011 ± 0.003** | 0.004 ± 0.001*** |
| Cmax (ug/L) | 16,148.939 ± 250.383 | 325,752.767 ± 6,950.049*** | 113,483.559 ± 6,667.748*** | 39,590.057 ± 217.721 | 46,655.793 ± 393.253** | 138,673.836 ± 8,681.865*** |
| Phase II metabolites of resveratrol | Phase II metabolites of catechin | |||||
| Normal group | ANIT group | CCl4 group | Normal group | ANIT group | CCl4 group | |
| AUC (0-∞) (ug/L*h) | 18,593.476 ± 932.739 | 10,375.617 ± 995.877** | 91,942.212 ± 533.694*** | 23,072.119 ± 618.38 | 27,634.972 ± 736.603* | 30,882.787 ± 700.99** |
| MRT (0-∞) (h) | 9.847 ± 1.347 | 24.184 ± 2.355*** | 25.348 ± 1.77*** | 22.223 ± 2.708 | 19.423 ± 1.143* | 16.855 ± 1.062* |
| t1/2z (h) | 3.014 ± 0.049 | 3.175 ± 0.98 | 18.283 ± 3.832*** | 20.127 ± 2.371 | 13.171 ± 1.493** | 13.797 ± 2.022** |
| Tmax (h) | 0.75 ± 0.086 | 1 ± 0.297* | 0.75 ± 0.015 | 1 ± 0.175 | 1 ± 0.089 | 1 ± 0.239 |
| Vz/F (L/kg) | 4.678 ± 0.823 | 8.831 ± 0.838*** | 5.739 ± 0.852* | 25.176 ± 1.472 | 13.754 ± 1.303*** | 12.894 ± 1.439*** |
| CLz/F (L/h/kg) | 1.076 ± 0.173 | 1.928 ± 0.328* | 0.218 ± 0.018*** | 0.867 ± 0.089 | 0.724 ± 0.016* | 0.648 ± 0.052* |
| Cmax (ug/L) | 2,658.743 ± 41.707 | 306.1102 ± 9.416*** | 7,112.017 ± 63.531*** | 2,174.588 ± 55.393 | 1,682.419 ± 29.805** | 3,271.904 ± 42.486*** |
ANOVA test was used to calculate the significance of the differences, ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, and *p < 0.05 which compared with the Normal group.