TABLE 5.
Influences of AMF, PGPR, Trichoderma, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici on the antioxidant enzyme activity in tomato leaves.
| Inoculation | POD activity | SOD activity | CAT activity | PAL activity |
| (U/g⋅min) | (U/g) | (U/g⋅min) | (U/g⋅min) | |
| Control | 10.6 ± 0.8n | 57.3 ± 0.9o | 82.8 ± 0.6p | 10.4 ± 0.7p |
| Fm | 23.2 ± 1.1k | 85.3 ± 0.5lm | 117.8 ± 0.8n | 18.2 ± 0.6lmn |
| Ri | 23.8 ± 0.7k | 87.0 ± 0.6kl | 117.6 ± 0.6n | 19.4 ± 0.3jkl |
| Bs | 18.4 ± 1.5m | 80.0 ± 1.6n | 110.0 ± 0.8o | 15.3 ± 0.3o |
| Pf | 18.7 ± 1.3m | 82.5 ± 1.4mn | 112.1 ± 0.6o | 16.8 ± 0.6mno |
| Th | 18.5 ± 1.2m | 81.9 ± 1.4n | 112.1 ± 0.9o | 16.4 ± 0.6no |
| Tv | 19.9 ± 1.3lm | 81.5 ± 1.2n | 112.1 ± 0.8o | 16.9 ± 1.1mno |
| Fm + Bs | 23.8 ± 0.5k | 86.9 ± 0.8kl | 129.2 ± 0.8l | 19.4 ± 0.6jkl |
| Fm + Pf | 29.8 ± 1.1hij | 88.5 ± 0.3k | 136.8 ± 0.8j | 23.4 ± 0.7h |
| Ri + Bs | 23.3 ± 1.0k | 85.3 ± 0.8lm | 122.4 ± 0.7m | 18.5 ± 0.6klm |
| Ri + Pf | 27.5 ± 0.6j | 89.2 ± 0.6k | 132.0 ± 1.2k | 20.3 ± 0.6jk |
| Fm + Th | 23.8 ± 1.2k | 87.2 ± 0.7kl | 127.7 ± 0.6l | 19.4 ± 0.6jkl |
| Fm + Tv | 28.8 ± 0.9ij | 89.5 ± 0.9k | 135.2 ± 0.4j | 21.2 ± 0.7ij |
| Ri + Th | 27.6 ± 0.8j | 88.7 ± 1.3k | 131.7 ± 0.7k | 20.2 ± 0.5jk |
| Ri + Tv | 23.5 ± 0.4k | 85.3 ± 0.7lm | 131.8 ± 0.8k | 18.5 ± 0.8klm |
| Th + Bs | 21.1 ± 1.2klm | 80.5 ± 0.4n | 122.2 ± 0.9m | 18.2 ± 0.6lmn |
| Th + Pf | 21.5 ± 1.0kl | 82.5 ± 0.9mn | 123.4 ± 0.7m | 19.3 ± 1.2jkl |
| Tv + Bs | 21.5 ± 1.2kl | 81.6 ± 1.5n | 124.2 ± 0.5m | 18.2 ± 0.7lmn |
| Tv + Pf | 28.5 ± 0.6ij | 88.7 ± 1.1k | 132.0 ± 0.8k | 20.4 ± 0.6jk |
| Fm + Bs + Th | 31.0 ± 0.7ghi | 97.0 ± 1.1ij | 142.1 ± 0.8hi | 24.4 ± 0.5h |
| Fm + Bs + Tv | 32.1 ± 0.9fgh | 97.1 ± 1.1ij | 144.1 ± 0.5h | 26.7 ± 0.6g |
| Ri + Pf + Th | 37.8 ± 0.9cd | 110.5 ± 1.1fg | 152.1 ± 1.2g | 32.7 ± 0.5de |
| Ri + Pf + Tv | 32.1 ± 0.9fgh | 102.1 ± 0.8h | 144.2 ± 1.1h | 26.6 ± 0.5g |
| Ri + Bs + Th | 30.0 ± 1.1hij | 95.4 ± 0.8j | 139.9 ± 0.9i | 21.2 ± 0.6ij |
| Ri + Bs + Tv | 30.0 ± 1.1hij | 95.7 ± 0.6j | 139.9 ± 0.7i | 22.6 ± 0.7hi |
| Fm + Pf + Th | 32.1 ± 1.1fgh | 98.6 ± 0.8i | 144.1 ± 0.6h | 27.4 ± 0.8g |
| Fm + Pf + Tv | 33.5 ± 1.4fg | 102.0 ± 0.8h | 144.2 ± 0.5h | 29.7 ± 0.5f |
| Fo | 20.1 ± 1.7lm | 79.8 ± 1.2n | 117.3 ± 1.3n | 16.7 ± 0.7mno |
| Fm + Fo | 30.9 ± 1.1ghi | 98.5 ± 0.5i | 135.4 ± 0.6j | 20.6 ± 0.6j |
| Ri + Fo | 33.2 ± 0.8fg | 102.2 ± 1.0h | 140.0 ± 0.9i | 24.2 ± 0.5h |
| Bs + Fo | 28.6 ± 1.1ij | 94.6 ± 0.8j | 128.2 ± 0.5l | 20.0 ± 0.5jkl |
| Pf + Fo | 28.6 ± 0.4ij | 94.7 ± 1.4j | 128.5 ± 0.4l | 20.6 ± 0.7j |
| Th + Fo | 31.2 ± 0.7ghi | 98.5 ± 1.4i | 136.8 ± 0.6j | 23.4 ± 0.6h |
| Tv + Fo | 30.3 ± 0.8hij | 97.1 ± 1.0ij | 131.6 ± 0.8k | 22.7 ± 0.6hi |
| Fm + Bs + Fo | 34.7 ± 0.4ef | 108.8 ± 0.9g | 144.0 ± 0.7h | 27.3 ± 0.6g |
| Fm + Pf + Fo | 36.5 ± 1.3de | 112.1 ± 1.5f | 153.2 ± 0.8g | 30.5 ± 0.9f |
| Ri + Bs + Fo | 36.4 ± 1.1de | 110.7 ± 0.9fg | 142.1 ± 0.6hi | 27.5 ± 0.7g |
| Ri + Pf + Fo | 38.2 ± 1.1cd | 112.4 ± 1.3f | 157.6 ± 0.7f | 29.8 ± 0.5f |
| Fm + Th + Fo | 34.7 ± 0.6ef | 108.7 ± 0.9g | 142.1 ± 0.9hi | 27.5 ± 0.7g |
| Fm + Tv + Fo | 36.5 ± 0.8de | 109.0 ± 0.7g | 152.3 ± 1.2g | 26.9 ± 0.6g |
| Ri + Th + Fo | 40.4 ± 1.5bc | 120.0 ± 1.4d | 162.1 ± 1.1e | 33.2 ± 0.5de |
| Ri + Tv + Fo | 34.9 ± 0.6ef | 108.4 ± 0.9g | 153.3 ± 0.6g | 24.4 ± 0.8h |
| Th + Bs + Fo | 36.8 ± 0.8de | 110.3 ± 0.8fg | 157.8 ± 0.8f | 27.0 ± 0.9g |
| Th + Pf + Fo | 40.4 ± 1.4bc | 119.9 ± 1.1d | 161.6 ± 0.9e | 32.8 ± 0.6de |
| Tv + Bs + Fo | 36.4 ± 1.0de | 112.0 ± 1.5f | 143.7 ± 0.6h | 27.3 ± 1.0g |
| Tv + Pf + Fo | 36.8 ± 0.8de | 112.7 ± 0.6f | 157.7 ± 0.8f | 30.3 ± 0.7f |
| Fm + Bs + Th + Fo | 38.5 ± 0.4cd | 115.9 ± 0.8e | 164.9 ± 1.1d | 31.5 ± 0.6ef |
| Fm + Bs + Tv + Fo | 38.1 ± 0.3cd | 116.4 ± 1.4e | 165.1 ± 0.8d | 31.5 ± 0.6ef |
| Ri + Pf + Th + Fo | 48.5 ± 1.1a | 135.4 ± 1.2a | 204.8 ± 1.1a | 42.7 ± 1.2a |
| Ri + Pf + Tv + Fo | 42.9 ± 1.3b | 122.6 ± 1.2cd | 181.9 ± 1.0b | 34.6 ± 0.6cd |
| Ri + Bs + Th + Fo | 40.5 ± 0.6bc | 122.6 ± 0.7cd | 177.9 ± 0.8c | 34.6 ± 0.5cd |
| Ri + Bs + Tv + Fo | 42.3 ± 1.4b | 122.7 ± 0.8cd | 177.4 ± 1.2c | 34.6 ± 1.2cd |
| Fm + Pf + Th + Fo | 42.5 ± 1.0b | 125.4 ± 0.8bc | 181.7 ± 0.9b | 36.4 ± 0.8c |
| Fm + Pf + Tv + Fo | 42.8 ± 1.1b | 127.9 ± 1.2b | 181.0 ± 0.9b | 38.5 ± 0.4b |
Fm, Funneliformis mosseae; Ri, Rhizophagus intraradices; Bs, Bacillus subtilis PS1-3; Pf, Pseudomonas fluorescens PS2-6; Tv, Trichoderma virens 140012; Th, Trichoderma harzianum 140015; Fo, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Mean data ± SE of 54 treatments are presented. For each column, data followed by the same letter are not significantly different at p < 0.05 (LSD test).