Table 1.
Composition and nutrient contents of the basal diet (air-dry basis, %).
| Ingredient1 | Content | Nutrient content | Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fish meal | 6.00 | Crude protein7 | 28.74 |
| Rice gluten meal | 12.00 | Crude lipid7 | 4.88 |
| Gelatin | 3.40 | n-38 | 1.04 |
| Amino acid mix2 | 15.22 | n-68 | 0.96 |
| Lysine premix3 | 5.00 | Available phosphorus9 | 0.40 |
| Corn starch | 22.14 | ||
| Alpha-starch | 22.00 | ||
| Fish oil | 2.61 | ||
| Soya bean oil | 1.12 | ||
| Trace mineral premix4 | 2.00 | ||
| Vitamin premix5 | 1.00 | ||
| Ca(H2PO4)2 | 1.46 | ||
| Choline chloride premix 6 | 1.00 | ||
| Microcrystalline cellulose | 5.00 | ||
| Ethoxyquin (30%) | 0.05 |
Ingredients were obtained from: cellulose (Linghu Xinwang Chemical Co., LTD., Huzhou, China); fish oil (CAI. Pesquera Camanchaca S.A., Santiago, Chile); gelatin (Henan zhongruo Biological Technology Co. LTD, Henan, China); corn starch and fish meal (Meishan Wangjiahao Feed co. LTD, Sichuan, China); soybean oil (National Golden dragon fish co. LTD, Sichuan, China); ethoxyquin, L-lysine hydrochlorideto, choline chloride, mineral premix, vitamin premix, Ca(H2PO4)2 and α-starch (Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, China).
Amino acid mix (g/kg diet): arginine, 2.19; histidine, 5.61; isoleucine, 3.36; leucine, 5.38; methionine, 3.06; cysteine, 1.20; phenylalanine, 4.12; tyrosine, 3.55; threonine, 7.10; tryptophan, 2.36; valine, 6.48; glutamic acid, 61.46; glycine, 46.33.
L-lysine hydrochloride was added to obtain graded level of lysine. Per kilogram of lysine premix composition from diet 1–6 was as follows (g/kg): L -lysine hydrochloride 0.00, 76.40, 152.80, 229.4, 305.8, 382.2 and glycine 311.40, 249.00, 186.80, 124.60, 62.20, 0.00, respectively and corn starch 688.6, 674.60, 660.40, 646.00, 632.00, 617.8, respectively.
Mineral premix (g/kg): MnSO4·H2O (31.8% Mn), 2.6590; MgSO4·H2O (15.0% Mg), 256.7933; FeSO4·H2O (30.0% Fe), 12.6083; ZnSO4·H2O (34.5%Zn), 8.8700; CuSO4·5H2O (25.0% Cu), 0.9560; Ca (IO3)2 (3.2% I), 1.5625; Na2SeO3 (44.7% Se), 0.0611. All ingredients were diluted with corn starch to 1 kg.
Vitamin premix (g/kg): retinyl acetate (1,000,000 IU/g), 0.193; cholecalciferol (500,000 IU/g), 0.204; D, L-a-tocopherol acetate (50%), 23.23; me-nadione (96%), 1.979; thiamine nitrate (98%), 0.09; calcium-D-pantothenate (90%), 4.19; pyridoxine hydrochloride (98%), 0.45; cyanocobalamin (1%), 0.94; niacin (99%), 3.44; D-biotin (2%), 0.75; meso-inositol (97%), 28.53; folic acid (95%), 0.17; riboflavin (80%), 0.73; ascorhyl acetate (95%), 9.77. All ingredients were diluted with corn starch to 1 kg.
Choline chloride premix: choline chloride (50%), 216.90. The ingredient was diluted with corn starch to 1 kg.
Crude protein and crude lipid were measured values.
n-3 and n-6 contents were referenced to Zeng et al. (2016) and calculated according to NRC (2011).
Available phosphorus was referenced to Wen et al. (2015) and calculated according to NRC (2011).