Fig. 1.

Quantitative real-time PCR analysis reveals the differences in relative mRNA expression levels of intestinal development related genes in a pig model. The effects of gut microbiota on the relative mRNA expression levels of intestinal development related genes in jejunum (A), ileum (B) and colon (C). Values are means ± SEM; n = 6/group. Means without a common letter differ, P < 0.05. CV, conventional piglets; GF, germ-free piglets; FMT, germ-free piglets were transplanted with healthy sow fecal microbiota; GLP-2 = glucagon-like peptide-2; CDX-2 = caudal-related homeodomain transcription 2; IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor-1; IGF-1R = insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor.