Table 3.

Independent sample t-test between gender and study variables.

Variables	Gender	Mean	SD	t	p-value	95% CI
						Lower	Upper
Perceived threat related to COVID-19
Perceived susceptibility	Male	13.39	3.35	−0.24	0.804	−0.785	0.609
	Female	13.48	2.89
Perceived severity	Male	13.19	2.92	−0.92	0.357	−1.027	0.372
	Female	13.52	3.27
Preventive behavior
Handwashing	Male	21.78	3.46	−2.04	0.041	−1.479	−0.029
	Female	22.54	3.02
Cough etiquette	Male	12.59	2.59	−3.56	<0.001	−1.428	−0.413
	Female	13.51	1.94
Social distancing	Male	21.08	4.10	−2.00	0.046	−1.673	−0.015
	Female	21.93	3.32
Social media use
Medical use	Male	15.89	4.36	0.76	0.445	−0.572	1.299
	Female	15.52	4.00
General use	Male	14.16	3.14	−2.57	0.010	−1.530	−0.206
	Female	15.03	2.78
Self-efficacy	Male	14.60	2.54	−1.84	0.068	−1.146	−0.040
	Female	15.15	2.75