TABLE 3.
Associations of maternal first-trimester milk intake with childhood pericardial fat at the age of 10 y1
| Pericardial fat mass index | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total group (n = 1269) | Boys (n = 626) | Girls (n = 643) | ||||
| Maternal milk intake | Values | n | Values | n | Values | n |
| 0–0.9 glass | Reference | 346 | Reference | 165 | Reference | 181 |
| 1–1.9 glasses | 0.00 (−0.15, 0.15) | 336 | −0.23 (−0.45, −0.01)* | 160 | 0.19 (−0.01, 0.40) | 176 |
| 2–2.9 glasses | 0.02 (−0.13, 0.17) | 356 | −0.10 (−0.31, 0.11) | 191 | 0.11 (−0.10, 0.32) | 165 |
| 3–3.9 glasses | −0.04 (−0.24, 0.17) | 140 | −0.33 (−0.63, −0.04)* | 70 | 0.24 (−0.04, 0.52) | 70 |
| 4–4.9 glasses | 0.05 (−0.28, 0.39) | 39 | −0.66 (−1.25, −0.06)* | 12 | 0.41 (0.01, 0.81)* | 27 |
| ≥5 glasses | 0.29 (0.00, 0.59) | 52 | −0.06 (−0.47, 0.35) | 28 | 0.65 (0.22, 1.07)** | 24 |
| P-trend2 | NA | NA | 0.003** | |||
Values are differences in childhood outcomes in SDs (95% CI) between children whose mothers consumed 1–1.9, 2–2.9, 3–3.9, 4–4.9, and ≥5 glasses of milk/d, respectively, compared with those whose mothers consumed 0–0.9 glass of milk/d. One glass is equivalent to 150 mL milk. The models were adjusted for child's sex, child's age at follow-up measurement, maternal smoking, maternal vomiting, and maternal total energy intake. P value for interaction < 0.001. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.0125 (Bonferroni-corrected P value).
P values for trend were obtained from models in which the categorized milk-intake variable was entered as a continuous variable. NA, not applicable (secondary analysis not performed as results from primary analysis are not linear).