TABLE 4.
Associations of maternal first-trimester milk intake with childhood blood pressure at the age of 10 y1
| Systolic blood pressure (n = 2379) | Diastolic blood pressure (n = 2379) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal milk intake | Values | n | Values | n |
| 0–0.9 glass | Reference | 635 | Reference | 635 |
| 1–1.9 glasses | 0.04 (−0.07, 0.15) | 616 | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.15) | 616 |
| 2–2.9 glasses | 0.08 (−0.03, 0.19) | 667 | 0.10 (−0.01, 0.21) | 667 |
| 3–3.9 glasses | 0.11 (−0.04, 0.26) | 263 | 0.09 (−0.06, 0.23) | 263 |
| 4–4.9 glasses | 0.12 (−0.10, 0.34) | 92 | 0.05 (−0.17, 0.27) | 92 |
| ≥5 glasses | 0.24 (0.03, 0.44)* | 106 | 0.24 (0.03, 0.45)* | 106 |
| P-trend2 | 0.011** | 0.024* | ||
1
Values are differences in childhood outcomes in SDs (95% CI) between children whose mothers consumed 1–1.9, 2–2.9, 3–3.9, 4–4.9, and ≥5 glasses of milk/d, respectively, compared with those whose mothers consumed 0–0.9 glass of milk/d. One glass is equivalent to 150 mL milk. The models were adjusted for child's sex, child's age at follow-up measurement, maternal smoking, maternal vomiting, and maternal total energy intake. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.0125 (Bonferroni-corrected P value).
2
P values for trend were obtained from models in which the categorized milk-intake variable was entered as continuous variable.