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. 2021 Apr 20;151(7):1802–1816. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab087

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

AUC 0–24h of plasma total curcuminoids after consumption of a single dose of the turmeric formulations STE, TEP, PHYT, NOV, and TPG by healthy human participants. (A) AUC 0–24h of total curcuminoids; and (B) dose-normalized AUC 0–24h of total curcuminoids determined using UHPLC-tandem MS. Boxplot representing the group medians, 25th and 75th percentiles, minima, and maxima of observed means on the ITT population, n = 30 for each formulation. †Significantly different from the reference STE product, P < 0.0001. $,#Significantly different compared with the TPG product: $P < 0.05, #P < 0.0001. Total curcuminoids = curcumin + curcumin sulfate + curcumin glucuronide + DMC + DMC sulfate + DMC glucuronide + BDMC + BDMC glucuronide + BDMC sulfate + THC + THC sulfate + THC glucuronide + HHC + HHC glucuronide + HHC sulfate. BDMC, bisdemethoxycurcumin; DMC, desmethoxycurcumin; HHC, hexahydrocurcumin; ITT, intent-to-treat; NOV, liquid micellar formulation; PHYT, phytosome formulation; STE, standard turmeric extract; TEP, piperine-curcuminoids combination; THC, tetrahydrocurcumin; TPG, Turmipure Gold formulation; UHPLC, ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography.