TABLE 3.
Contribution of the different curcuminoid(s) to the total metabolites after consumption of a single dose of the turmeric formulations STE, TEP, PHYT, NOV, and TPG by healthy human participants1
| Considered curcuminoids (no. of metabolites), % | STE | TEP | PHYT | NOV | TPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curcumin (1) | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0.9 |
| DMC (1) | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| BDMC (1) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Curcumin + DMC + BDMC (3) | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
| Curcumin glucuronide (1) | 4.6 | 4.3 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 3.5 |
| DMC glucuronide (1) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 1.0 | 0.4 |
| BDMC glucuronide (1) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
| Curcumin sulfate (1) | 12.2 | 10.8 | 12.5 | 7.1 | 8.8 |
| DMC sulfate (1) | 2.3 | 2.5 | 5.2 | 0.8 | 1.5 |
| BDMC sulfate (1) | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.1 |
| Sum of parent compounds and their relative glucuronide and sulfate metabolites (9)2 | 22.1 | 21.1 | 29.4 | 16.2 | 15.5 |
| THC (1) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| THC glucuronide (1) | 26.0 | 28.1 | 27.0 | 35.8 | 31.2 |
| THC sulfate (1) | 6.3 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 3.5 | 3.2 |
| HHC (1) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| HHC glucuronide (1) | 18.6 | 16.8 | 13.9 | 21.0 | 22.2 |
| HHC sulfate (1) | 27.0 | 28.0 | 22.7 | 23.6 | 28.0 |
| Curcumin and all its metabolites (9)3 | 95.8 | 95.3 | 90.9 | 96.9 | 97.8 |
| Total curcuminoids (15)4 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
All proportions (expressed as percentage of total curcuminoids) were calculated as the ratio of the AUC 0–24h of the compound or group of compounds of interest divided by the AUC 0–24h of total curcuminoids × 100. BDMC, bisdemethoxycurcumin; DMC, demethoxycurcumin; HHC, hexahydrocurcumin; NOV, liquid micellar formulation; PHYT, phytosome formulation; STE, standard turmeric extract; TEP, piperine-curcuminoids combination; THC, tetrahydrocurcumin; TPG, Turmipure Gold formulation.
Sum of curcuminoids and their relative glucuronide and sulfate metabolites = curcumin + curcumin sulfate + curcumin glucuronide + DMC + DMC sulfate + DMC glucuronide + BDMC + BDMC glucuronide + BDMC sulfate.
Curcumin and all its metabolites = curcumin + curcumin sulfate + curcumin glucuronide + THC + THC sulfate + THC glucuronide + HHC + HHC glucuronide + HHC sulfate.
Total curcuminoids = curcumin + curcumin sulfate + curcumin glucuronide + DMC + DMC sulfate + DMC glucuronide + BDMC + BDMC glucuronide + BDMC sulfate + THC + THC sulfate + THC glucuronide + HHC + HHC glucuronide + HHC sulfate.