Table I.
Patient demographics stratified by RCR status, in which age, sex, and duration in the database were used to select the matched controls.
| Variable | RCR cases (N = 229,986) | Controls (N = 229,986) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | 41,157 (17.9%) | 29,927 (13%) | <.001† |
| CCI: mean (SD) | 0.5 (1.0) | 0.4 (1.1) | |
| Tobacco abuse | 43,223 (18.8%) | 12,773 (5.6%) | <.001† |
| Age: mean (SD) | 54.0 (7.7) | 54.0 (7.7) | 1.00∗ |
| Sex: female | 97,368 (42.3%) | 97,368 (42.3%) | 1.00† |
| Duration (yrs) in database: mean (SD) | 4.4 (2.7) | 4.4 (2.7) | 1.00∗ |
| Region: North Central | 52,530 (22.8%) | 48,588 (21.7%) | <.001† |
| Northeast | 40,504 (17.6%) | 40,966 (18.3%) | |
| South | 92,096 (40%) | 97,119 (43.4%) | |
| West | 39,107 (17%) | 34,963 (15.6%) | |
| Unknown | 5749 (2.5%) | 1969 (0.9%) | |
| Plan type: comprehensive | 6661 (3.1%) | 8074 (3.7%) | <.001† |
| EPO | 4053 (1.9%) | 3502 (1.6%) | |
| HMO | 23,186 (10.8%) | 30,195 (13.8%) | |
| POS | 16,040 (7.5%) | 20,693 (9.5%) | |
| PPO | 146,286 (68.2%) | 133,125 (60.9%) | |
| POS with capitation | 1426 (0.7%) | 1495 (0.7%) | |
| CDHP | 10,122 (4.7%) | 14,826 (6.8%) | |
| HDHP | 6705 (3.1%) | 6612 (3%) | |
| Employment status: active full time | 75,953 (33%) | 119,688 (53.5%) | <.001† |
| Active part time | 1311 (0.6%) | 3121 (1.4%) | |
| Early retiree | 17,154 (7.5%) | 20,846 (9.3%) |
POS, point of service; PPO, preferred provider organization; CDHP, consumer-directed health plan; HDHP, high-deductible health plan.
∗
T-test.
†
Chi-squared test.