Table IV.
Univariate analysis of factors that effect total cost variation.
| Characteristic | Median | IQR | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age groups | .217∗ | ||
| 18-35 | 0.8 | 0.8-0.9 | - |
| 35-64 | 0.9 | 0.5-1.1 | - |
| 65+ | 1.0 | 0.9-1.1 | - |
| Gender | .244† | ||
| Female | 1.0 | 0.8-1.2 | - |
| Male | 0.9 | 0.7-1.1 | - |
| BMI | 0.12‡ | 0.16-0.38 | .393§ |
| Race | .207∗ | ||
| White | 0.9 | 0.7-1.1 | - |
| Hispanic | 1.1 | 0.9-1.4 | - |
| Other | 0.8 | 0.8-0.8 | - |
| Insurance | .029∗ | ||
| Commercial | 0.9 | 0.7-1.0 | - |
| Government other | 0.9 | 0.8-1.1 | - |
| Medicaid | 1.7 | 1.3-2.2 | - |
| Medicare | 1.0 | 0.9-1.2 | - |
| Self-pay | 0.7 | 0.5-0.8 | - |
| Workers' compensation | 0.8 | 0.7-0.9 | - |
| Inpatient vs. outpatient | .067† | ||
| Outpatient | 0.9 | 0.7-0.9 | - |
| Inpatient | 1.0 | 0.8-1.2 | - |
| Pathologic fracture | .885† | ||
| No | 0.9 | 0.7-1.2 | - |
| Yes | 0.9 | 0.8-1.10 | - |
| OR time | 0.49‡ | 0.20-0.72 | <.001† |
| Anesthesia time | 0.41‡ | 0.14-0.65 | .001§ |
| Site | .769† | ||
| Ambulatory surgery center | 0.9 | 0.9-1.2 | - |
| Main hospital | 0.9 | 0.7-1.1 | - |
| Fixation type | .047† | ||
| Open reduction internal fixation | 1.0 | 0.9-1.1 | - |
| Intramedullary nailing | 0.8 | 0.7-1.1 | - |
| ASA class | .004∗ | ||
| 0 to 2 | 0.8 | 0.7-1.0 | - |
| 3 to 5 | 1.1 | 0.9-1.2 | - |
IQR, interquartile range; OR, operating room; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologist.
∗
Kruskal-Wallis.
†
Wilcoxan rank-sum.
‡
Spearman's correlation.
§
Spearman's rank correlation.