Table V.
Risk factors for development of HO (complete patient data sets only, n = 84).
| Characteristic | Total patients | Patients with HO | Incidence (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prescribed NSAIDs | ||||
| Yes | 47 | 11 | 23 | .689 |
| No | 37 | 7 | 19 | |
| Prophylactic course∗ | 4 | 1 | 25 | - |
| Age (yr) | ||||
| 16-65 | 67 | 13 | 19 | .668 |
| >65 | 17 | 5 | 29 | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 39 | 8 | 21 | .997 |
| Female | 45 | 10 | 22 | |
| Mechanism of injury | ||||
| Low energy | 60 | 10 | 17 | .038† |
| High energy | 24 | 8 | 33 | |
| BMI | ||||
| <18.5 | 0 | - | - | .045† |
| 18.5-24.9 | 32 | 5 | 16 | |
| 25-29.9 | 27 | 5 | 19 | |
| 30-34.9 | 13 | 3 | 23 | |
| 35-40 | 7 | 2 | 29 | |
| 40+ | 5 | 3 | 60 | |
| ASA class | ||||
| 1 | 40 | 7 | 18 | .582 |
| 2 | 27 | 6 | 22 | |
| 3 | 17 | 5 | 29 | |
| 4 | 0 | - | - | |
| 5 | 0 | - | - |
HO, heterotopic ossification; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.
∗
Patients were prescribed a 4-6 week course of NSAIDs.
†
Statistically significant by multinomial logistic regression (P < .05), with NSAIDs, gender, and mechanism as categorical variables, and age, BMI, and ASA class as continuous variables; accuracy 80%, kappa 0.375.