Table 4. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models predicting cancer-specific death in the total cohort after surgery.
| Variable | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | ||
| Age (continuous) | 1.007 (0.973−1.041) | 0.700 | - | ||
| Sex (female vs. male) | 0.762 (0.279−2.080) | 0.596 | - | ||
| HTN (yes vs. no) | 2.132 (0.917−4.957) | 0.079 | - | ||
| DM (yes vs. no) | 1.417 (0.522−3.850) | 0.494 | - | ||
| BMI (continuous) | 0.786 (0.668−0.925) | 0.004 | 0.817 (0.645−1.035) | 0.094 | |
| Smoking history (yes vs. no) | 0.759 (0.324−1.778) | 0.525 | - | ||
| OP methods (PN vs. RN) | 0.042 (0.000−23.542) | 0.327 | - | ||
| TNM stage | |||||
| pT1–2 | 1 | ||||
| pT3–4 | 11.146 (3.628−34.239) | <0.001 | 11.566 (2.277−58.746) | 0.003 | |
| Any pT, ≥pN1, or cM1 | 24.767 (8.001−76.670) | <0.001 | 5.900 (0.789−44.151) | 0.084 | |
| Fuhrman grade (G3–4 vs. G1–2) | 19.889 (4.623−85.570) | <0.001 | 9.011 (0.982−82.666) | 0.052 | |
| Tumor histology (non-ccRCC vs. ccRCC) | 2.121 (0.781−5.761) | 0.140 | - | ||
| PAK4 expression (high vs. low) | 0.512 (0.147–1.783) | 0.293 | - | ||
| pPAK4S474 expression (high vs. low) | 4.282 (1.434−12.783) | 0.009 | 1.307 (0.222−7.704) | 0.767 | |
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; OP, operation; PN, partial nephrectomy; RN, radical nephrectomy; TNM, tumor, nodes, metastasis; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; PAK4, p21-activated kinase 4; pPAK4S474, phospho-Ser474 PAK4.