Table 1.

Summary of the causes related to the aetiology of a pes cavus deformity

1. Peripheral nerve a. Charcot–Marie–Tooth b. Peripheral nerve injuries c. Polineuritis

2. Central nervous system a. Cerebral palsy b. Friederich’s ataxia c. Poliomielitis d. Lysosomal storage diseases10 e. Familial paraplegia

3. Spinal abnormalities a. Spina bifida11 b. Dyastomyelia and syrongomyielia c. Spinal cord tumours, lipomas and tethered cord

4. Other causes a. Muscular dystrophies12 b. Post-traumatic: peroneus brevis injury13 c. Secondary to vascular ischemia and compartmental syndrome d. Secondary to clubfoot e. Associated to syndromes14

5. Idiopathic