Comparison of reported HER overpotentials of selected intermetallic catalysts at a given current densities in alkaline, acidic and neutral mediaa.
| Catalyst (substrate) | Electrolyte | Current density (mA cm−2) | Overpotential (mV) | Tafel slope (mV dec−1) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al7Cu4Ni@Cu4Ni (direct) | 0.1 M KOH | −10 | 139 | 110 | 163 |
| CoSn2 (NF) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 103 | — | 221 |
| CoSn2 (FTO) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 196 | 78 | 221 |
| np-AlNiCoIrMo HEA (GC) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | −10 | 18.5 | 33.2 | 100 |
| NiIrRuAl-3/1 (GC) | 0.1 M HClO4 | −10 | 14 | 23 | 164 |
| D-PtNi/C (GC) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 40 | 55 | 138 |
| FeCoNiAlTi HEI (direct) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 88.2 | 40.1 | 162 |
| Fe90Y10 (direct) | 1 M KOH | −250 | 470 | 125 | 89 |
| Fe90MM10 (direct) | 1 M KOH | −250 | 350 | 85 | 89 |
| Ni–Zn (steel) | 1 M NaOH | 2.47 | 0 | 119 | 156 |
| AlNiHT30 + L (Ni) | 1 M KOH | −100 | 123 | 76 | 160 |
| Ni3Al (direct) | 6 M KOH | −90.1 | 426 | 219 | 93 |
| Ni2Al3 @ 25 °C (Cu) | 1 M KOH | −250 | 280 | 200 | 92 |
| Ni2Al5 @ 25 °C (Cu) | 1 M KOH | −250 | 253 | 157 | 92 |
| NiAl3 @ 25 °C (Cu) | 1 M KOH | −250 | 136 | 99 | 92 |
| NiAl3Mo0.153 @ 25 °C (Cu) | 1 M KOH | −250 | 57 | 134 | 92 |
| NiAl3Mo0.262 @ 25 °C (Cu) | 1 M KOH | −250 | 60 | 99 | 92 |
| Ni–Co–Al (direct) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 178 | 158 | 111 |
| Ni–LaNi5 (Cu) | 1 M NaOH | −250 | 330 | 101 | 222 |
| Ni–MmNi3.4Co0.8Al0.8 (Cu) | 1 M NaOH | −250 | 351 | 113 | 222 |
| Mo7Ni7 (Ti) | 1 M KOH | −3.7 (BET) | 200 | — | 143 |
| Ni0.92Mo0.08 (Ti) | 1 M KOH | −1 (BET) | 200 | — | 143 |
| MoNi4 (Ni) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 15 | 30 | 208 |
| Porous MoNi4 networks (Ni) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 28 | 36 | 131 |
| Co3Mo (direct) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 12 | 40 | 113 |
| TiCo2 (direct) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 70 | 33 | 109 |
| HfCo2 (direct) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 87 | 47 | 109 |
| ScCo2 (direct) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 87 | 36 | 109 |
| GePt3 (FTO) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | −10 | 53 | 37 | 124 |
| PdCu3 (GC) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | −10 | 50 | 34 | 129 |
| Pt2Si (Ti) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | −40 | 78 | 30.5 | 186 |
| Pt–Dy (direct) | 8 M KOH (@25 °C) | −100 | 409 | 147 | 107 |
| Pt–Dy (direct) | 8 M KOH (@85 °C) | −100 | 139 | 141 | 107 |
| GaPt3 (GC) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | −10 | 27 | 43.3 | 122 |
| GaPt3 (GC) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 48 | 63.1 | 122 |
| GaPt3 (GC) | PBS | −10 | 103 | 85.3 | 122 |
| PdBi2 (GC) | 0.5 M HClO4 | −10 | 78 | 63 | 119 |
| GaPd2 nanowires (GC) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | −10 | 50 | 57.2 | 123 |
| Pd2Si (Ti) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | 192 | 192 | 131 | 125 |
| Ni2Si (Ti) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | 243 | 243 | 66 | 125 |
| Ir3V (GC) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 9.0 | 24.1 | 137 |
| np-Co(Al) (direct) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | −10 | 239 | 153.50 | 96 |
| Pt3Ti (carbon fiber) | 0.1 M HClO4 | −10 | 32.7 | 32.3 | 139 |
| AL-Pt/Pd3Pb (GC) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | −10 | 14 | 18 | 114 |
| NiMo-(a) (GC) | 1 M H2SO4 | −10 | 39 | — | 207 |
| NiMo-(a) (GC) | 1 M KOH | −10 | 30 | — | 207 |
| Porous NiMo (GC) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | −10 | 22 | 37 | 130 |
| NiMo-NHG (GC) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | −10 | 30 | 41 | 130 |
| NiMo (1 mg cm−2) (Ti) | 2 M KOH | −20 | 70 | — | 206 |
| NiMo (3 mg cm−2) (Ti) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | −20 | 80 | — | 206 |
| NiMo-NGTs (GC) | 0.5 M H2SO4 | −10 | 65 | 67 | 104 |
| Ni50Mo40Ti10 (573 K) (direct) | 5 M KOH | −100 | 215 | 249 | 168 |
| Ni50Mo50 (573 K) (direct) | 5 M KOH | −100 | 245 | 240 | 168 |
a
FTO = fluorine doped tin oxide, GC = glassy carbon, NF = nickel foam.