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. 2021 May;9(9):739. doi: 10.21037/atm-21-414

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2021 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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Representative findings of SLB and autopsied specimens obtained from a 66-year-old man with IPF. (A) Stable IPF. SLB specimens of stable IPF showed strong expression of periostin in fibroblastic foci, with patchy distributions. (B) AE-IPF. Autopsied specimens obtained from patients with AE-IPF also showed strong expression in fibrotic lesions. The numbers of periostin-positive cells and α-SMA-positive cells in fibrotic lesions were higher in AE-IPF than in stable IPF. HE: hematoxylin and eosin staining; Periostin: rat anti-human periostin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of immunoglobulin G1κ (IgG1κ; clone no. SS19B or SS5D, produced in the laboratory of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga, Japan); α-SMA: mouse anti-human alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-Abs (clone 1A4, Dako, Japan); IgGκ: purified mouse IgG1κ-Abs (BioLegend, USA).