Figure 4.

CMS_Exos inhibit the RANKL-induced activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. (A) RAW264.7 cells were treated with the indicated exosomes for 4 h, followed by stimulation with RANKL (50 ng/mL) for 20 min. The localization of p65 was visualized by immunofluorescence staining. (B,C) Western blot analysis of the levels of the indicated proteins in BMMs pretreated with or without exosomes for 4 h prior to RANKL stimulation (50 ng/mL). The bar graph in (B) shows the relative expression of p-p65 calculated from the band intensity using ImageJ software. All experiments were performed at least 3 times, and representative images are shown. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD; *P<0.05, **P<0.01. CMS_Exos, CMS-treated BMSC-derived exosomes; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; BMM, bone marrow macrophage; SD, standard deviation.