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. 2021 May;9(9):798. doi: 10.21037/atm-21-1838

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2021 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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CMS_Exos prevented HU-induced bone loss. (A) Representative reconstructed micro-CT images of the distal femur in the indicated group. n=5. (B) Three-dimensional microstructural parameters of the distal femur in the indicated group. (C) Representative H&E and TRAP staining images of the distal femur showing the bone volume in the indicated group. n=5. (D) The percentage of osteoclast surface per bone surface (OcS/BS, %) and number of osteoclasts per field of tissue (No. of OCs per field) at 200× magnification were analyzed. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD; *P<0.05, **P<0.01. CMS_Exos, CMS-treated BMSC-derived exosomes; HU, hindlimb unloading; micro-CT, micro computed tomography; H&E, hematoxylin-eosin; TRAP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase; SD, standard deviation.