Figure 5.

Effect of melatonin supplementation on improving CORT-induced colonic gut microbiota metabolite composition altered. The β-diversity of principal component analysis (PCA) (a), PCoA (b) and Venn (c) based on the microbiota metabolites in the CON, CORT, and CORT+MT groups; heat map (d) showing the relative abundance of the key identified 60 metabolites that were significantly altered by MT in CORT mice. The relative abundance of butyrate (e), L-tryptophan (f), D-fructose (g), 1-naphthol (h), hypoxanthine (i), and adenine (j) in the CON, CORT, and CORT+MT groups in the colon microbiota based on the heat map results. Values are presented as the mean ± SE. Differences were assessed using ANOVA and are denoted as follows: different lowercase letters: p < 0.05; different uppercase letters: p < 0.01; and the same letter: p > 0.05.