Encapsulation enhances the efficacy of Mcl-1 small-molecule inhibitor to induce death of HCMV-infected monocytes. (A) Hydrodynamic size distributions and TEM images of C10-loaded TL-NP and T-NP nanoparticles. (B) HCMV-infected monocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of C10, TL-NP, or C10/TL-NP for 2 hours. Following a wash to remove inhibitors, cells were further incubated for 24 h. (C) HCMV-infected monocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of C10, T-NP, or C10/T-NP for 24 hours. (B, C) Cell viability was determined by a trypan blue exclusion assay. (D) Infected monocytes were treated with 3 μM of C10, TL-NP, and C10/TL-NP for 2 hours, washed with PBS, and then incubated a further 24 h. (E) Infected monocytes were treated with 10 μM of C10, T-NP, and C10/T-NP for 24 hours. (D, E) Pro-caspase 3 was detected by immunoblotting and membranes reprobed for β-actin as a loading control. Results are representative of 3 independent experiments from different blood donors.