Table 2.
Characteristics of participating women
| N | % | |
|---|---|---|
| Total | 1226 | 100.0 |
| Maternal age (y) | ||
| 18‐24 | 616 | 50.2 |
| 25‐30 | 428 | 34.9 |
| 31‐34 | 182 | 14.8 |
| Maternal education (y) | ||
| 0‐6 | 177 | 14.4 |
| 7‐9 | 294 | 24.0 |
| 10‐12 | 500 | 40.8 |
| 13 or more | 255 | 20.8 |
| Marital status | ||
| Married/cohabitating | 1170 | 95.4 |
| Single/separated/widowed/divorced | 55 | 4.6 |
| Missing | 1 | 0.1 |
| Parity | ||
| 0 | 532 | 43.4 |
| 1 or 2 | 513 | 41.8 |
| 3 or more | 181 | 14.8 |
| Best obstetric estimate of gestational age (completed weeks) at time of birth (median, IQR) | 39 | 2 |
| Final mode of birth | ||
| Cephalic vaginal birth | 1113 | 90.8 |
| Breech vaginal birth | 10 | 0.8 |
| Vacuum or forceps vaginal birth | 16 | 1.3 |
| Cesarean section | 87 | 7.1 |
| Pain relief a | ||
| Nonpharmacological pain relief | 544 | 44.4 |
| Oral pain relief medication | 47 | 3.8 |
| Epidural and/or spinal | 63 | 5.1 |
| Injectable analgesic (IM or IV) | 187 | 15.3 |
| No pain relief used | 446 | 36.4 |
| Sex of baby | ||
| Female | 626 | 51.1 |
| Male | 600 | 48.9 |
| Vital status at birth | ||
| Live birth | 1224 | 99.8 |
| Stillbirth | 2 | 0.2 |
| Apgar score at 5 min (1224 liveborns only) | ||
| <7 | 12 | 1.0 |
| ≥7 | 1212 | 99.0 |
| Birthweight | ||
| <2500 g | 54 | 4.4 |
| 2500‐4000 g | 1132 | 92.3 |
| >4000 g | 40 | 3.3 |
| Major malformation identified at birth | ||
| No | 1224 | 99.8 |
| Yes | 1 | 0.1 |
| Unknown | 1 | 0.1 |
a
Does not total to 100% as women may have >1 pain management option