Table 1.
General characteristics of the study population
| EP‐BPD, n = 92 | EP‐noBPD, n = 92 | MLP, n = 102 | EP‐BPD versus EP‐noBPD | EP‐BPD versus MLP | EP‐noBPD versus MLP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p values | ||||||
| Perinatal period | ||||||
| GA (weeks) | 26.1 (1.36) | 27.0 (0.91) | 34.0 (1.13) | <.001 | ||
| Birth weight (g) | 839 (188) | 1004 (220) | 1983 (526) | <.001 | ||
| Female sex | 42 (45.7) | 41 (44.6) | 46 (45.1) | .88 | .94 | .94 |
| Smoking in pregnancy | 23 (25.0) | 16 (17.6) | 27 (26.5) | .22 | .82 | .14 |
| Prenatal steroids | 62 (67.4) | 57 (62.0) | 31 (30.4) | .44 | ||
| Surfactant | 86 (93.5) | 61 (67.0) | 4 (4.0) | <.001 | ||
| Invasive ventilationa | 15 (4, 30) | 1 (0, 3.75) | 0 (0, 0) | <.001 | ||
| Early follow‐upb | ||||||
| Inhaled corticosteroidsc | 51 (55.4) | 34 (37.8) | 29 (28.4) | .02 | <.001 | .17 |
| Any hospital admission | 49 (53.3) | 35 (38.0) | 28 (27.5) | .04 | <.001 | .12 |
| Any ICU admission | 13 (14.1) | 9 (9.78) | 2 (1.96) | .36 | .002 | .02 |
| At time of study | ||||||
| Age (years) | 14.1 (0.71) | 14.2 (0.61) | 14.5 (0.68) | .74 | <.001 | .001 |
| zBMI | −0.40 (0.99) | −0.04 (1.16) | 0.15 (1.23) | .10 | .002 | .70 |
| Positive skin prick testd | 22 (24.2) | 29 (32.2) | 55 (55.0) | .23 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Parental smoking | ||||||
| Mother | 21 (23.3) | 30 (33.3) | 28 (27.5) | .14 | .51 | .38 |
| Father | 22 (24.4) | 26 (28.6) | 30 (30.0) | .53 | .39 | .83 |
| Parental asthma/atopy | ||||||
| Mother | 21 (23.3) | 27 (29.3) | 30 (29.4) | .36 | .34 | .99 |
| Father | 14 (15.8) | 18 (19.6) | 19 (18.8) | .50 | .58 | .89 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; EP, extremely preterm; GA, gestational age; ICU, intensive care unit; MLP, moderate–late preterm; z, z‐score.
Note: Descriptive data are presented as the mean (standard deviation) or n (%) unless indicated otherwise.
a
Median number of days (first and third quartiles).
b
Refers to the first 6 years of life (data obtained from medical records and parents/caregivers interviews).
c
Periods >3 months.
d
Missing data = 5 (1 from EP‐BPD, 2 from EP‐noBPD, and 2 from MLP group).