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. 2021 Jun 30;18:85. doi: 10.1186/s12966-021-01130-x

Table 1.

MVPA and changes in self-reported domains of PA by PA patterns

Total PA patterns pa
A B C D E
N (%) 254 (100) 71 (28) 70 (28) 61 (24) 32 (13) 20 (8)
Males, n (%) 101 (40) 19 (27) 25 (36) 22 (36) 26 (81) 9 (45) < 0.001
MVPA mean per day: hours and minutes (SD)
 age 15 1:22 (0:33) 0:47 (0:12) 1:19 (0:17) 1:25 (0:12) 2:20 (0:24) 1:50 (0:28)

A < B-E < 0.001

B < D < 0.001

B < E 0.004

C < D < 0.001

 age 19 1:05b (0:34) 0:39 (0:15) 1:25 (0:15) 0:44 (0:11) 1:07 (0:21) 2:25 (0:31)

A < B,D,E < 0.001

B > C < 0.001

B < D 0.037

B < E < 0.001

C < D,E < 0.001

D < E < 0.001

Sports club participation
 age 15, n (%) 176 (69) 29 (41) 51 (73) 47 (77) 31 (97) 18 (90) < 0.001
 age 19, n (%) 97 (38) 9 (13) 33 (47) 23 (38) 19 (59) 13 (65) < 0.001
p for sig. Over time < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.062

 changea

n (%)

never 76 (30) 41 (58) 18 (26) 14 (23) 1 (3) 2 (10) < 0.001
dropout 81 (32) 21 (30) 19 (27) 24 (39) 12 (38) 5 (25) 0.499
maintenance 95 (37) 8 (11) 32 (46) 23 (38) 19 (59) 13 (65) < 0.001
adopt 2 (1) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)
Active commuting
 age 15, n (%) 142 (57) 32 (47) 40 (58) 35 (57) 20 (67) 15 (75) 0.161
 age 19, n (%) 76 (30) 17 (24) 25 (36) 20 (33) 6 (19) 8 (42) 0.228
p for sig. Over time < 0.001 0.009 0.009 0.012 0.008 0.039

 changea

n (%)

never 78 (32) 30 (49) 22 (36) 18 (34) 5 (20) 3 (17) 0.036
dropout 94 (38) 21 (31) 22 (32) 23 (38) 19 (63) 9 (47) 0.024
maintenance 47 (19) 10 (16) 18 (29) 12 (23) 1 (4) 6 (33) 0.042
adopt 27 (11) 6 (9) 7 (10) 8 (13) 5 (17) 1 (5) 0.732
School physical education at age 15, mean minutes (n) 135 (239) 108 (66) 144 (66) 143 (59) 139 (28) 170 (20)

A < B 0.022

A < C 0.017

A < E 0.001

A = Inactivity maintainers, B = Activity maintainers, C = Decreasers from moderate PA, D = Decreasers from high PA, E = Increasers, MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, PA = physical activity

a p-values have been calculated comparing the frequency of the individual response category to each of the corresponding response categories for the other PA patterns (e.g. dropout vs. no dropout (= never+maintenance+adopt))

b Significance over time p < 0.001. At age 15: 1 h 22 min = 9.7% of device wear-time; at age 19: 1 h 5 min = 7.9% of device wear-time

Note: p-values have been assessed using the Chi-square test or Fisher exact test (in cases of sparse data) for categorical variables. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used in analysing differences in mean values between PA patterns cross-sectionally (post hoc Dunn’s test adjusted by the Bonferroni correction for multiple tests); the McNemar test and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were used to analyse differences over time

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