TABLE 1.
Selected characteristics of subjects in each group by intervention product arms
| Characteristics | Juice arm | Encapsulated powder arm | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group J‐A (n = 73) | Group J‐B (n = 74) | Group J‐C (n = 73) | Group J‐D (n = 74) | P | Group P‐A (n = 76) | Group P‐B (n = 76) | Group P‐C (n = 76) | P | |
| Age, mean ± SD | 48.07 ± 9.31 | 45.76 ± 11.43 | 47.42 ± 11.91 | 47.64 ± 10.63 | 0.590 † | 46.26 ± 11.88 | 45.8 ± 12.40 | 49.72 ± 12.61 | 0.102 † |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.482 ‡ | 0.983 ‡ | |||||||
| Male | 33 (45.21) | 26 (35.14) | 26 (35.62) | 32 (43.24) | 38 (50.00) | 39 (51.32) | 38 (50.00) | ||
| Female | 40 (54.79) | 48 (64.86) | 47 (64.38) | 42 (56.76) | 38 (50.00) | 37 (48.68) | 38 (50.00) | ||
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.666 ‡ | 0.921 ‡ | |||||||
| No | 56 (76.71) | 59 (79.73) | 59 (80.82) | 54 (72.97) | 52 (68.42) | 52 (68.42) | 54 (71.05) | ||
| Yes | 17 (23.29) | 15 (20.27) | 14 (19.18) | 20 (27.03) | 24 (31.68) | 24 (31.68) | 22 (28.95) | ||
| Drinking, n (%) | 0.223 | 0.286 ‡ | |||||||
| No | 49 (67.12) | 54 (72.97) | 57 (78.08) | 60 (81.08) | 42 (55.26) | 49 (64.47) | 51 (67.11) | ||
| Yes | 24 (32.88) | 20 (27.03) | 16 (21.92) | 14 (18.92) | 34 (44.74) | 27 (35.53) | 25 (32.89) | ||
| BMI, mean ± SD | 24.54 ± 2.74 | 23.53 ± 3.57 | 24.32 ± 2.88 | 24.06 ± 2.29 | 0.179 † | 24.65 ± 3.03 | 23.70 ± .56 | 24.32 ± 2.75 | 0.161 † |
†
One‐way anova.
‡
Chi‐square test.
J‐A, placebo juice; J‐B, low‐proanthocyanidin (PAC) juice; J‐C, medium‐PAC juice; J‐D, high‐PAC juice; P‐A, placebo encapsulated powder; P‐B, medium‐PAC encapsulated powder; P‐C, high‐PAC encapsulated powder.