Table 2.
Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Case Subjects
| Parameters | Groups (N = 66) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Seronegative (n = 40) |
Seropositive (n = 8) |
P | Confirmed (n = 18) | ||||
| Stage 1 (n = 4) | Stage 2 (n = 14) | All (n = 18) | P | ||||
| Epidemiologic | |||||||
| Age (n = 66), years | 37.9 (14) | 36.6 (18) | .7647a | 31.0 (17) | 35.6 (15) | 34.6 (15) | .3502a |
| Male sex (n = 66) | 22/40 (55%) | 3/8 (38%) | .4538 | 2/4 (50%) | 5/14 (36%) | 7/18 (39%) | .3950 |
| HAT case(s) in the family since 2010 (n = 65) | 11/40 (28%) | 2/7 (29%) | >.9999 | 2/4 (50%) | 5/14 (36%) | 7/18 (39%) | .5404 |
| Occupational risk (n = 66) | 17/40 (43%) | 4/8 (50%) | .7155 | 2/4 (50%) | 5/14 (36%) | 7/18 (39%) | >.9999 |
| Clinical | |||||||
| Swollen LNs (n = 65) | 5/39 (13%) | 6/8 (75%) | .0010 | 4/4 (100%) | 13/14 (93%) | 17/18 (94%) | <.0001 |
| Any dermatological symptoms (n = 66) | 8/40 (20%) | 5/8 (63%) | .0252 | 4/4 (100%) | 13/14 (93%) | 17/18 (94%) | <.0001 |
| Dermatitis (n = 66) | 7/40 (18%) | 5/8 (63%) | .0166 | 4/4 (100%) | 11/14 (79%) | 15/18 (83%) | <.0001 |
| Pruritus (n = 66) | 3/40 (8%) | 2/8 (25%) | .1887 | 0/4 (0%) | 11/14 (79%) | 11/18 (61%) | <.0001 |
| Asthenia (n = 65) | 17/39 (44%) | 4/8 (50%) | >.9999 | 4/4 (100%) | 14/14 (100%) | 18/18 (100%) | <.0001 |
| Fever (n = 63) | 6/38 (16%) | 1/7 (14%) | >.9999 | 2/4 (50%) | 9/14 (64%) | 11/18 (61%) | .0013 |
| Weight loss (n = 61) | 6/39 (15%) | 3/8 (38%) | .1672 | 2/4 (50%) | 6/10 (60%) | 8/14 (57%) | .0046 |
| Eating disorders (n = 66) | 4/40 (10%) | 1/8 (13%) | >.9999 | 0/4 (0%) | 7/14 (50%) | 7/18 (39%) | .0250 |
| Headache (n = 65) | 23/39 (59%) | 6/8 (75%) | .6918 | 3/4 (75%) | 13/14 (93%) | 16/18 (89%) | .0322 |
| Circadian rhythm disruptions (n = 66) | 3/40 (8%) | 1/8 (13%) | .5303 | 0/4 (0%) | 5/14 (36%) | 5/18 (28%) | .0925 |
| Sexual dysfunctions (n = 65) | 4/39 (10%) | 1/8 (13%) | >.9999 | 0/4 (0%) | 5/14 (36%) | 5/18 (28%) | .1236 |
| Behavior changes (n = 63) | 4/39 (10%) | 0/7 (0%) | >.9999 | 0/4 (0%) | 3/13 (23%) | 3/17 (18%) | .6624 |
Data are presented as n/total (%) or mean (SD). For each group and each parameter, total values correspond to the numbers of subjects for which a value was available (n/total). P values were obtained by comparing one by one the parameters of each group of seropositive subjects (unconfirmed and all confirmed) with those of seronegative controls using 2-sided Fisher’s exact tests or 2-sided Mann-Whitney tests at 5% confidence.
Abbreviations: HAT, human African trypanosomiasis; LN, lymph node.
aTwo-sided Mann-Whitney test.