TABLE 1.
Diagnosis, Previous Procedures, Weight, Slice Thickness, pSAT Angle, Size of Balloon Wedge Catheter, Coil, and Scanning Method Used for Each Patient
| Patient | Diagnosis | Previous cardiac procedures | Weight (kg) | Slice thickness/pSAT flip angle | Heart structures catheterized | Size of balloon wedge catheter (French)/Use of MRI compatible wire | Coil | Scanning method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Complete AVSD | Nil | 49 | 10 mm/30° | IVC, RA, RV, MPA, LPA, LCPW | 6/No | Cardiac coil | Interactive |
| 2 a | Allagile's syndrome. Bilateral PAs stenosis | Nil | 7.5 | 10 mm/30° | IVC, RA, RV, MPA, LPA, RPA, RPCW, DAo, AAo, LV |
4/No |
Cardiac coil | iSuite |
| 3 |
DORV, malposition of the great arteries William's Syndrome Asthma Upper airway obstruction (partial vocal palsy) |
• Modified BT shunt • VSD closure, ASO (Lecompte), excision of subpulmonary stenosis |
98 | 8 mm/50° | IVC, RA, RV, RPA, MPA, DAo, AAo, LV | 6/No | Cardiac coil | iSuite |
| 4 a | Allagile, PAs stenosis | Nil | 12.2 | 5 mm/30° | IVC, RA, RV, MPA, LPA, RPA, RPCW, DAo, AAo, LV | 4/No | Cardiac coil | iSuite |
| 5 |
Left atrial isomerism Interrupted IVC with bilateral azygos continuation PAPVD (RPV to right sided atrium), small ASD, perimembranous VSD Pulmonary hypertension |
• Complete surgical repair | 14 | 7 mm/30° | IVC, RA, RV, MPA, LPA, RPA, RPCW, DAo, AAo, LV | 4/No | Cardiac coil | Interactive |
| 6 |
TGA, AP window |
Nil | 11 | 7 mm/30° | IVC, RA, RV, MPA, LPA, LPCW, Aorta | 4 (v) & 5 (a)/No | Cardiac coil | iSuite |
| 7 | AVSD | Nil | 6.5 | 7 mm/40° | IVC, LA, RA, RV, LV, MPA, LPA, RPA, RCPW | 4/No | Flex M | iSuite |
| 8 |
TOF |
• Balloon dilatation of pulmonary valve • Surgical repair of TOF & LPA reconstruction • Balloon dilatation of right upper, RUPA, RMPA &RLPA • Balloon dilatation of LPA & stent insertion |
33 | 10 mm/30°‐45° | IVC, RA, RV, MPA, RPA, (LPA attempted but obstructed), RCPW | 6/No | Cardiac coil | iSuite |
| 9 | HLHS | Single ventricle – s/p Fontan | 45 | 8 mm/40° | IVC, LL, SVC, RPA, LPA, LPCW, RA, LA, RV | 6/No | Cardiac coil | iSuite |
| 10 | TAPVD, severe RPV stenosis |
• Surgical repair of TAPVD • Balloon dilatation of RUPV |
25 | 7 mm/40° | IVC, RA, RV, LPA, RPA, RPCW, LPCW, DAo, AAo, LV | 5 (v) & 4 (a)/No | Cardiac coil | iSuite |
| 11 | Secundum ASD, Perimembranous VSD, T21 | Nil | 6 | 7 mm/40° |
IVC, RA, LA, RV, MPA, LPA, RPA, LPCW, |
4/No | Flex L | iSuite |
| 12 | PAPVD (LU&LMPV to innominate vein), perimbranous VSD | Nil | 5 | 7 mm/40° |
IVC, RA, RV, LPA, RPA, LPCW, RPCW. DAo, AAo, LV |
4/No | Flex L | iSuite |
| 13 | AV discordance, DORV | • Single ventricle – s/p Fontan | 60 | 8 mm/30° | IVC, LL, SVC, RA, LA, RV, RPA, LPA, LPCW | 6/No | Cardiac coil | iSuite |
| 14 | PAPVD (RPV to RA), secundum ASD | • Coil embolisation of MAPCAs |
5.5 |
N/A | IVC, RA, RV, MPA, LPA (RPA attempted but obstructed), LA, LV, DAo, Asc Ao | 4/No | Cardiac coil | N/A |
| 15 | HLHS | Single ventricle – s/p Fontan | 20 | 7 mm/30° | IVC, LL, SVC, RPA, LPA, LPCW, RA, LA, RV | 6/No | Cardiac coil | iSuite |
| 16 | Criss‐cross heart, ASD, severe subpulmonary and pulmonary valve stenosis | Nil | 19 | N/A | IVC, RA, RV, MPA, RPA, LPA, RPCW | 5/No | Cardiac coil | N/A |
| 17 | Discordant AV connections, concordant VA connections | • Single ventricle – s/p Glenn | 11.5 | 8 mm/30° | IVC, RA, LV, SVC, RPA, LPA, LPCW |
4/No |
Torso coil | Interactive |
| 18 | HLHS | • Single ventricle – s/p Fontan | 21.3 | 8 mm/40° | IVC, LL, SVC, RPA, LPA, LPCW, RA, LA, RV | 6/No | Torso coil | Interactive |
| 19 | HLHS | • Single ventricle – s/p Glenn | 18 | 8 mm/40° | IVC, RA, RV, SVC, RPA, LPA, LPCW | 5/No | Torso coil | Interactive |
| 20 | Aortic Coarctation, moderate sized VSD, congenital left diaphragmatic hernia and left lung hypoplasia, 13 chromosome deletion, scoliosis | • Aortic coarctation repair | 7 | 10 mm/40° | IVC, RA, RV, MPA, RPA, RPCW, LPA, LPCW, LV, AAo, DAo |
4/Yes |
Cardiac coil | iSuite |
| 21 | Common atrium, tiny muscular VSD | • ASD closure | 34 | 10 mm/40° | IVC, RA, RV, MPA, RPA, LPA, LPWC | 6/Yes | Cardiac coil | iSuite |
| 22 | HLHS, Left pulmonary vein stenosis |
• Single ventricle – s/p HemiFontan • LPV stent |
13 | N/A | SVC, LPA, LPCW, RPA, RPCW | 4/No | Cardiac coil | N/A |
| 23 | Perimembranous ventricular septal defect | Nil | 15 | 10 and 5 mm/40° | IVC, RA, RV, MPA, LPA, RPA, RPCW, LV, AAo, DAo | 5/No | Cardiac coil | iSuite |
| 24 | HLHS |
• Single ventricle – s/p Fontan • LPA stent |
24 | N/A | IVC, LL, LPA, RPA, RPCW, RA, RV, AAo, DAo |
5 (v) & 4 (a)/No |
Cardiac coil | N/A |
| 25 a | HLHS | • Single ventricle palliation – s/p Fontan | 72 | 10 mm/40° | IVC, LL, SVC, RPA, LPA, LPCW, RA, RV, AAo, DAo | 6Fr (v & a)/Yes | Cardiac coil | iSuite |
| 26 | Heterotaxy, dextrocardia, AVSD, sup/inf ventricles, pulmonary atresia with disconnected PAs | • Unifocalization of MAPCAs + BTS | 7.6 | 8 mm/30° | IVC, RA, LA, RV, LV, DAo, AAo, BTS, LPA, RPA |
5 (v) & 4 (a)/No |
Flex M | Interactive |
| 27 | TOF/absent pulmonary valve | • Ao homograft, LeCompte maneuver | 13.3 | 10 mm/40° | IVC, RA, RV, MPA, LPA, RPA, RCPW | 5/No | Flex M | Interactive |
| 28 | TGA, hypoplastic RV | • Single ventricle – s/p Fontan | 17.4 | 10 mm/40° | IVC, LL, SVC, LPA, RPA | 6/No | Flex M | Interactive |
| 29 | HLHS | • Single ventricle – s/p Glenn | 13.4 | 8 mm/40° | IVC, RA, RV, SVC, RPA, LPA, LPCW | 5 (v) & 4 (a)/No | Flex M | Interactive |
| 30 | HLHS | • Single ventricle – s/p Glenn | 15.4 | 8 mm/40° | IVC, RA, RV, SVC, RPA, LPA, LPCW | 5 (v) & 4 (a)/No | Flex M | Interactive |
The size of the sheath refers to the venous access unless specified otherwise.
These patients underwent dobutamine stress study as well as PVR analysis.
(A) = arterial access; ASD = atrial septal defect; AAo = ascending aorta; AV = atrioventricular; AVSD = atrioventricular septal defect; BTS = Blalock‐Taussig shunt; DAo = descending aorta; DORV = double outlet right ventricle; HLHS = hypoplastic left heart syndrome; IVC = inferior vena cava; LA = left atrium; LL = lateral tunnel; LPA = left pulmonary artery; LPCW = left pulmonary capillary wedge; LPV = left pulmonary veins; LV = left ventricle; MAPCA = major aortopulmonary collateral artery; PAs = pulmonary arteries; RA = right atrium; RPA = right pulmonary artery; RPCW = right pulmonary capillary wedge; RUPA = right upper pulmonary artery; RMPA = right middle pulmonary artery; RLPA = right lower pulmonary artery; RV = right ventricle; RVOT = right ventricular outflow tract; SVC = superior vena cava; TGA = transposition of the great arteries; TOF = Tetralogy of Fallot; (v) = venous access; VSD = ventricular septal defect.