Table 3.

Estimates from joinpoint analyses of proportion of cocaine as primary substance or cocaine as primary/adjunctive substance treatment entrants among 10 European countries, 2011–18.

Country	Substance	Cocaine as primary/adjunctive substance				Cocaine as primary substance
		Period	APC	t‐value	P‐value	Period	APC	t‐value	P‐value
Belgium	Cocaine	2015–18	7.3	5.9	0.03	2012–18	9.6	17.0	0.00
	Powder cocaine	2015–18	0.9	5.3	0.03	2012–18	8.5	13.5	0.00
	Crack	2015–18	14.4	8.5	0.01	2012–15	5.4	6.5	0.02
						2015–18	13.7	19.2	0.00
England	Cocaine	2011–15	1.2	2.7	0.12	2011–15	−2.9	−5.4	0.03
		2015–17	11.7	9.3	0.01	2015–17	14.9	8.5	0.01
	Powder cocaine	2011–15	1.1	2.6	0.12	2011–15	0.9	3.1	0.09
		2015–17	7.6	5.8	0.03	2015–17	9.9	10.6	0.01
	Crack	2011–14	−1.2	−1.3	0.33	2011–15	−10.0	−10.1	0.01
		2014–17	10.6	11.3	0.01	2015–17	26.0	7.1	0.02
France	Cocaine	2011–15	−6.1	−2.5	0.08	2011–15	−3.0	−1.5	0.22
		2015–18	16.6	4.6	0.02	2015–18	21.8	8.1	0.00
	Powder cocaine	2011–15	−6.3	−2.6	0.08	2011–15	−1.5	−0.7	0.52
		2015–18	2015.3	4.2	0.02	2015–18	20.5	7.7	0.00
	Crack	2011–16	−3.3	−1.4	0.26	2011–16	−3.5	−1.5	0.23
		2016–18	32.1	3.2	0.05	2016–18	39.5	4.0	0.03
Germany	Cocaine	–	–	–	–	2011–18	0.4	0.2	0.83
Ireland	Cocaine	2011–14	−9.2	−7.9	0.00	2011–14	−4.2	−1.1	0.36
		2014–18	2015.7	22.8	0.00	2014–18	28.2	14.6	0.00
	Powder cocaine	2011–16	−4.1	−1.3	0.27	2011–14	−2.2	−0.4	0.73
		2016–18	71.9	4.9	0.02	2014–18	28.8	9.9	0.00
	Crack	2011–15	−9.9	−1.6	0.20	2011–13	−27.6	−2.5	0.09
		2015–18	40.4	4.3	0.02	2013–18	28.6	10.8	0.00
Italy	Cocaine	2012–18	4.5	3.0	0.03	2012–18	7.8	5.9	0.00
	Powder cocaine	2012–18	4.2	2.9	0.03	2012–18	7.3	5.7	0.00
	Crack	2012–18	14.4	4.3	0.01	2012–18	28.0	7.9	0.00
Luxembourg	Cocaine	2013–18	17.6	4.1	0.01	2011–18	3.7	1.8	0.12
Spain	Cocaine	2011–15	−4.7	−4.9	0.02	2011–15	−2.4	−2.6	0.08
		2015–18	5.4	3.3	0.04	2015–18	7.0	4.8	0.02
	Powder cocaine	2011–14	−7.3	−9.4	0.00	2011–15	−2.1	−2.8	0.07
		2014–18	2.4	4.1	0.02	2015–18	6.5	5.4	0.01
	Crack	2011–18	6.2	3.7	0.01	2011–15	−4.3	−1.9	0.16
						2015–18	9.9	2.6	0.08
Switzerland	Cocaine	2011–13	−7.7	−2.3	0.11	2011–14	−4.2	−1.4	0.26
		2013–18	5.9	7.9	0.00	2014–18	12.0	6.8	0.01
	Powder cocaine	2011–13	−10.3	−3.1	0.05	2011–14	−6.5	−2.1	0.13
		2013–18	5.8	7.5	0.00	2014–18	12.1	6.4	0.01
	Crack	2011–14	78.0	4.6	0.02	2011–18	19.6	3.0	0.02
		2014–18	0.4	0.1	0.92
The Netherlands	Cocaine	2011–15	−2.1	−2.3	0.11	2011–15	−1.1	−0.8	0.50
	Powder cocaine	2011–15	−2.8	−1.7	0.18	2011–15	−3.3	−2.3	0.10
	Crack	2011–15	−3.9	−2.6	0.08	2011–15	−0.5	−0.2	0.86

APC = annual percentage change.