Table 2.
Comparison of demographics and general characteristics between the smoking and nonsmoking groups
| Variable | Smokers (n = 73) |
Non-smokers (n = 84) |
P < .05 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) - (mean, SD) | 52.1 (7.2) | 51.7 (8.1) | .424 |
| Sex (M/F) % | 61/12 | 69/15 | .071 |
| Education (years) - (mean, SD) | 13.9 (3.5) | 14.1 (3.8) | .732 |
| Household income - [n, %] | |||
| Low | 11 [15.1] | 14 [16.7] | .533 |
| Moderate | 53 [72.6] | 59 [70.2] | |
| High | 9 [12.3] | 11 [13.1] | |
| Body Mass Index - (mean, SD) | 26.9 (3.6) | 27.1 (4.8) | .714 |
| Daily portions of fruits and vegetables - (mean, SD) | 3.1 (1.2) | 3.2 (1.4) | .312 |
| Physically active - [n, %] | |||
| Low | 26 [35.6] | 25 [29.8] | .092 |
| Moderate | 39 [53.4] | 47 [55.9] | |
| High | 8 [11.0] | 12 [14.3] | |
| Hours of sleep/night - (mean, SD) | 7.9 (2.5) | 8.1 (2.7) | .671 |
| Diabetes Mellitus - [n, %] | 16 [21.9] | 15 [17.8] | .794 |
| Coronary Heart Disease - [n, %] | 7 [9.5] | 3 [3.6] | .061 |
| Hypertension - [n, %] | 10 [13.7] | 7 [8.3] | .102 |
| Smoking profile | |||
| Age onset of regular smoking | 17.7 (4.3) | – | – |
| Accumulation (total lifetime years of smoking) | 33.7 (11.4) | – | – |
| Cigarettes/day | 28.4 (5.5) | – | – |
| Pack-yearsa | 46.8 (14.3) | – | – |
a Pack-years is calculated as the packs of cigarettes smoked per day, multiplied by the duration of tobacco use in years