Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of BATT study participants, Atlanta, Georgia 2016–2019 (N = 132)
| Characteristics | Controls N = 34 | Cases N = 98 | Total N = 132 | X2 p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTBI status | ||||
| Negative | 29 (85.3) | 89 (90.8) | 118 (89.4) | 0.35* |
| Positive | 5 (14.7) | 9 (9.2) | 14 (10.6) | |
| Age group | ||||
| 21–40 | 13 (38.2) | 7 (7.1) | 20 (15.2) | < 0.01 |
| 41–60 | 15 (44.1) | 70 (71.4) | 85 (64.4) | |
| > 60 | 6 (17.7) | 21 (21.4) | 27 (20.5) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 17 (50.0) | 42 (42.9) | 59 (44.7) | 0.47 |
| Female | 17 (50.0) | 56 (57.1) | 73 (55.3) | |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-hispanic white | 3 (8.8) | 3 (3.1) | 6 (4.6) | 0.15* |
| Non-hispanic black | 27 (79.4) | 91 (92.9) | 118 (89.4) | |
| Hispanic | 1 (2.9) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (1.5) | |
| Asian or pacific islander | 1 (2.9) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (1.5) | |
| Other | 2 (5.9) | 2 (2.0) | 4 (3.0) | |
| Highest education | ||||
| Less than high school | 8 (23.5) | 18 (18.4) | 26 (19.7) | 0.15* |
| High school graduate | 15 (44.1) | 60 (61.2) | 75 (56.8) | |
| College/university | 8 (23.5) | 18 (18.4) | 26 (19.7) | |
| Graduate school | 3 (8.8) | 2 (2.0) | 5 (3.8) | |
| Ever lived with TB-sick person | ||||
| No | 33 (97.1) | 89 (93.7) | 122 (94.6) | 0.67* |
| Yes | 1 (2.9) | 6 (6.3) | 7 (5.4) | |
| Not sure | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
| Ever told to have positive TST | ||||
| No | 32 (94.1) | 85 (88.5) | 117 (90.0) | 0.51* |
| Yes | 2 (5.9) | 11 (11.5) | 13 (10.0) | |
| Not sure | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
| Current smoking | ||||
| Daily | 12 (35.3) | 24 (24.7) | 36 (27.5) | 0.02 |
| Less than daily | 6 (17.7) | 5 (5.2) | 11 (8.4) | |
| Not at all | 16 (47.1) | 68 (70.1) | 84 (64.1) | |
| Don’t know/refused | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Past smoking | ||||
| Daily | 24 (70.6) | 50 (51.0) | 74 (56.1) | 0.12 |
| Less than daily | 3 (8.8) | 10 (10.2) | 13 (9.9) | |
| Not at all | 7 (20.6) | 38 (38.8) | 46 (34.1) | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Never | 18 (52.9) | 65 (66.3) | 83 (62.9) | 0.27 |
| Moderate | 11 (32.4) | 26 (26.5) | 37 (28.0) | |
| Frequent | 5 (14.7) | 7 (7.1) | 12 (9.1) | |
| Ever diagnosed with high cholesterol level | ||||
| No | 30 (88.2) | 27 (29.4) | 57 (45.2) | < 0.01 |
| Yes | 4 (5.8) | 65 (70.6) | 69 (54.8) | |
| Not sure | 0 | 6 | 6 | |
| Ever diagnosed with high blood pressure | ||||
| No | 22 (64.7) | 28 (29.2) | 50 (38.5) | < 0.01 |
| Yes | 12 (35.3) | 68 (70.8) | 80 (61.5) | |
| Not sure | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
| Ever diagnosed with heart disease | ||||
| No | 33 (97.1) | 80 (84.2) | 113 (87.6) | 0.07* |
| Yes | 1 (2.9) | 15 (15.8) | 16 (12.4) | |
| Not sure | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
| Ever diagnosed with liver disease | ||||
| No | 32 (94.1) | 90 (96.8) | 122 (96.1) | 0.61* |
| Yes | 2 (5.9) | 3 (3.2) | 5 (3.9) | |
| Not sure | 0 | 5 | 5 | |
| Ever diagnosed with kidney disease | ||||
| No | 34 (100.0) | 88 (92.6) | 122 (94.6) | 0.19* |
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 7 (7.3) | 7 (5.4) | |
| Not sure | 0 | 3 | 3 | |
| Family members with T2DM | ||||
| No | 7 (20.6) | 29 (29.6) | 36 (27.3) | 0.31 |
| Yes | 27 (79.4) | 69 (70.4) | 96 (72.7) | |
| BMI | ||||
| Normal (18.5–25) | 12 (35.3) | 11 (11.2) | 23 (17.4) | < 0.01* |
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (3.1) | 3 (2.3) | |
| Overweight (25–30) | 10 (29.4) | 19 (19.4) | 29 (22.0) | |
| Obese (≥ 30) | 12 (35.3) | 65 (66.3) | 77 (58.3) | |
| Glycated hemoglobin level | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 5.4 (5.2–5.5) | 7.3 (6.4–9.5) | 6.7 (5.6–8.7) | < 0.01 |
Bold indicates that the finding is significant at α = 0.05
BMI body mass index; T2DM type-2 diabetes mellitus; IQR interquartile range; LTBI latent tuberculosis infection; TB tuberculosis; TST tuberculin skin test
*p value obtained from Fisher’s exact tests