Table 1.

Studies examining how participants’ home neighbourhood environment influences physical activity intervention effects

Reference (first author; year)	Setting	Measure(s) of neighbourhood environment		Format of physical activity intervention		Intervention content	Physical activity measurement		Valence of environmental influence on intervention effect
		Perceived	Objective	Instructor-led	Self-directed		Self-report	Device-based	Augmenting	Overcoming	No effect
King (2006) [12]	5 US metropolitan areas	√			√	Combined 3 different physical activity trials with varying interventions (e.g., telephone-based counseling, peer group support, culturally tailored self-help)	√		√
King (2006) [13]	Primary care facilities in 3 US metropolitan areas	√			√	3 intervention arms within the Activity Counseling Trial (physician counseling alone, physician counseling plus monthly print materials, physician counseling plus health educator telephone counseling)	√		√
Sallis (2007) [68]	Primary care facilities in 3 US metropolitan areas	√			√	3 intervention arms within the Activity Counseling Trial (see above for details)	√		√
Zenk (2009) [69]	Urban and suburban areas in and around Chicago, IL (USA)		√		√	12-month walking intervention for women in predominantly African-American communities	√	√	√
Michael (2009) [11]	Portland, OR (USA)		√	√		6-month lay-led neighbourhood-based walking groups	√				√
Merom (2009) [70]	New South Wales (Australia)	√			√	Self-help walking program with weekly diaries with or without pedometers	√			√	√
Kerr (2010) [14]	Urban and suburban areas in San Diego County, CA (USA)	√	√		√	Self-help walking program with weekly diaries with or without pedometers	√			√
Gebel (2011) [71]	Wheeling and Parkersburg, WV (USA)	√			√	Population-wide mass media intervention	√		√
Lee (2012) [72]	Houston and Austin, TX (USA)		√	√		6-month group cohesion intervention to promote walking among African-American and Hispanic/Latino women	√	√	√	√
Barnes (2013) [73]	Perth metropolitan area (Australia)		√		√	Television mass media campaign promoting 30 min of daily physical activity	√				√
King (2017) [74]	4 US metropolitan areas		√	√		Center- and home-based physical activity intervention among older adults	√		√	√	√
Jilcott Pitts (2017) [75]	Lenoir County in rural eastern NC (USA)	√	√		√	Four monthly lifestyle counseling sessions, including PA promotion	√	√		√
Perez (2018) [76]	San Diego County, CA (USA)	√		√		12 months of promotoras-led exercise classes at or near churches and PA promotion provided to Latino women	√	√	√
Lo (2019 )[77]	Rural towns in MT and NY (USA)	√	√	√		6 months of exercise classes, skills building, and field-based learning provided to women in rural communities		√	√	√

Note: Instructor-led interventions included some component of structured or organized sessions in which participants engaged in physical activity together led by the intervention team; self-directed interventions included physical activity promotion in various formats (e.g., telephone, web-based, in-person) but did not include structured or organized sessions; see text for description of valence of results