Table 2.

Primary Outcome and Secondary Outcomes

	At 30 Minutes			At 60 Minutes				At 120 Minutes
	COT (n = 18)	NHF (n = 19)	Difference (95% CI); p‐value	COT (n = 18)	NHF (n = 19)		Difference (95% CI); p‐value	COT (n = 18)	NHF (n = 19)	Difference (95% CI); p‐value
Patient‐reported outcomes
MBS	5.9 ± 2.3	5.2 ± 2.1	0.7 (–1.3 to 2.6); p = 0.27	4.2 ± 2.8	2.8 ± 2.2	1.4 (–0.5 to 3.3); p = 0.27		3.3 ± 2.5	1.4 ± 2.5	1.9 (0.2 to 3.8); p = 0.043
NRS	5.8 ± 2.4	5.1 ± 2.0	0.9 (–1.1 to 2.8); p = 0.76	4.2 ± 2.8	2.7 ± 2.3	1.6 (–0.4 to 3.5); p = 0.17		3.2 ± 2.5	1.4 ± 2.5	1.9 (0.3 to 3.8); p = 0.044
Comfort score*	—	—	—	—	—	—		6.1 ± 1.6	9.1 ± 1.3	–3.0 (–4.0 to –2.0); p < 0.0001
Physician‐reported outcome and physiologic variables
Dyspnea score	3.8 ± 2.2	2.9 ± 1.6	0.6 (–1.0 to 2.2); p = 0.90	3.1 ± 2.3	1.7 ± 2.1	1.4 (–0.4 to 2.9); p = 0.25		3.1 ± 2.5	1.4 ± 2.5	1.8 (0.4 to 3.6); p = 0.04
Respiratory rate	28.2 ± 5.3	25.1 ± 2.7	2.4 (–0.8 to 5.5); p = 0.26	26.1 ± 4.4	22.4 ± 2.4	2.9 (–0.3 to 6.0); p = 0.09		25.1 ± 4.2	19.7 ± 2.9	4.7 (1.5 to 7.8); p = 0.001
Pulse oximetry	96.3 ± 2.5	97.7 ± 2.0	–1.4 (–3.3 to 0.6); p = 0.35	97.2 ± 2.4	98.0 ± 1.8	‐0.8 (–2.8 to 1.2); p = 0.86		97.3 ± 2.6	98.5 ± 1.3	–1.2 (–3.2 to 0.8); p = 0.49
Heart rate	106.3 ± 16.1	105.7 ± 20.2	3.2 (–7.8 to 14.1); p = 0.96	104.6 ± 13.8	103.0 ± 19.3	4.3 (–6.6 to 15.2); p = 0.85		100.1 ± 11.5	101.2 ± 19.3	1.3 (–9.6 to 12.2); p = 0.99
Mean arterial pressure	94.8 ± 12.1	99.0 ± 15.5	–2.6 (–12.2 to 6.9); p = 0.97	91.5 ± 11.6	93.2 ± 13.2	–0.1 (–9.7 to 9.4); p = 0.99		86.7 ± 9.4	97.3 ± 16.6	–9.1 (–18.6 to 0.5); p = 0.07

Data are presented as mean ± SD. Covariance structure of first‐order autoregressive was the most parsimonious for most outcomes except heterogenous autoregressive for the dyspnea scale

COT = conventional oxygen therapy; MBS = modified Borg scale; NHF = nasal high flow; NRS = numeric rating scale.

^*COT(n = 17), NHF (n = 18).