Table 4.
Predictive value of RV longitudinal strain in patients with valvular heart disease.
| References | Sample size | RV free-wall/global GLS cut-off | Follow-up period (months) | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aortic stenosis | ||||
| Kempny et al. (36) | 123 | – | 3 | RV free-wall longitudinal strain before and 1 year after TAVR or SAVR showed that RV longitudinal strain did not significantly improve after TAVR, but it significantly deteriorated in SAVR group. |
| Balderas-Muñoz et al. (37) | 75 | −15% | 1 | Patients after SAVR revealed that RV free-wall longitudinal strain >-15% had high sensitivity and specificity for development of low output cardiac syndrome in the first 30 days after surgery. |
| Posada-Martinez et al. (38) | 75 | −17.3% | 24 | RV free-wall longitudinal strain was independent predictor of low output cardiac syndrome, but not of in-hospital mortality, hospital stay, or vasoplegic syndrome. |
| Vizzardi et al. (39) | 56 | −17% | 120 | RV global longitudinal strain and RV-arterial coupling provided better risk stratification than other RV echocardiographic parameters in TAVR patients during long-term follow-up. |
| Mitral regurgitation | ||||
| Orde et al. (40) | 158 | – | 36 | The patients who underwent robotic-assisted mitral valve repair also showed greater recovery in RV longitudinal strain at 1-year follow-up comparing with pre-surgery values. |
| Chang et al. (41) | 108 | – | 31 | Only resolution of RV longitudinal strain at 1 month predicted the subsequent myocardial recovery. TAPSE, FAC, and s′ did not have any role in this prediction. |
| Elgharably et al. (42) | 568 | – | 76 | RVEF decreased, while LVEF increased during after concomitant surgery for ischemic mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. RV longitudinal strain showed continuous deterioration during follow-up period. |
| Tricuspid regurgitation | ||||
| Bannehr et al. (43) | 1,089 | −18% | 24 | Reduced RV free-wall longitudinal strain, TAPSE and FAC were independent predictors for all-cause mortality. The sensitivity and specificity to predict mortality gradually increased from FAC, across TAPSE, to RV longitudinal strain. |
| Prihadi et al. (22) | 896 | −23% | 34 | RV free-wall longitudinal strain was independently associated with all-cause mortality and incremental to FAC and TAPSE. |
| Ancona et al. (13) | 250 | – | 24 | The authors found that RV free-wall strain >-17% at baseline predicted RV heart failure, whereas patients with RV free-wall strain <-14% at follow-up had significantly better survival. |
| Romano et al. (44) | 544 | −16% | 72 | CMR-derived RV longitudinal strain was independent predictor of mortality after adjustment for clinical and imaging risk factors, including RV size and ejection fraction. |
CMR, cardiac magnetic resonance; CV, cardiovascular; FAC, fractional area change; GLS, global longitudinal strain; RV, right ventricle; s′, systolic velocity of the lateral segment of tricuspid annulus; SAVR, surgical aortic valve replacement; TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.