Table 2.
Subgroup analysis
| Variable | n of patients | Follow-up duration, person-years | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | AF | HR (95% CI) | P* | Model 1† | Model 2‡ | ||||
| HR (95% CI) | P* | HR (95% CI) | P* | ||||||
| Sex group | 0.728 | 0.261 | 0.350 | ||||||
| Male | |||||||||
| Constant drinkers | 10,211 | 255 | 41,499 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Abstainers | 9,439 | 222 | 38,361 | 0.94 (0.79–1.13) | 0.83 (0.69–0.99) | 0.80 (0.67–0.96) | |||
| Nondrinkers | 30,073 | 930 | 118,248 | 1.28 (1.12–1.47) | 0.83 (0.71–0.95) | 0.80 (0.69–0.92) | |||
| Female | |||||||||
| Constant drinkers | 283 | 5 | 1,091 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Abstainers | 876 | 16 | 3,499 | 1.00 (0.37–2.72) | 0.90 (0.33–2.46) | 0.86 (0.31–2.34) | |||
| Nondrinkers | 72,596 | 1,630 | 289,418 | 1.23 (0.51–2.95) | 0.69 (0.29–1.68) | 0.66 (0.27–1.61) | |||
| Age group, years | 0.429 | 0.329 | 0.267 | ||||||
| <65 | |||||||||
| Constant drinkers | 8,584 | 156 | 35,200 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Abstainers | 7,705 | 135 | 31,745 | 0.96 (0.76–1.21) | 0.97 (0.77–1.22) | 0.92 (0.73–1.16) | |||
| Nondrinkers | 52,255 | 684 | 212,466 | 0.73 (0.61–0.86) | 0.80 (0.66–0.98) | 0.75 (0.61–0.92) | |||
| ≥65 | |||||||||
| Constant drinkers | 1,910 | 104 | 7,390 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Abstainers | 2,610 | 103 | 10,115 | 0.72 (0.55–0.95) | 0.71 (0.54–0.93) | 0.69 (0.52–0.91) | |||
| Nondrinkers | 50,414 | 1,876 | 195,200 | 0.68 (0.56–0.83) | 0.82 (0.66–1.00) | 0.79 (0.64–0.97) | |||
| CHA2DS-VASc points | 0.552 | 0.142 | 0.144 | ||||||
| < 3 | |||||||||
| Constant drinkers | 8,747 | 180 | 35,709 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Abstainers | 7,890 | 137 | 32,390 | 0.84 (0.67–1.05) | 0.81 (0.65–1.01) | 0.78 (0.63–0.98) | |||
| Nondrinkers | 43,704 | 600 | 176,686 | 0.68 (0.57–0.80) | 0.74 (0.61–0.88) | 0.71 (0.59–0.86) | |||
| ≥3 | |||||||||
| Constant drinkers | 1,747 | 80 | 6,881 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Abstainers | 2,425 | 101 | 9,471 | 0.92 (0.68–1.20) | 0.91 (0.68–1.22) | 0.87 (0.65–1.17) | |||
| Nondrinkers | 58,965 | 1,960 | 230,980 | 0.73 (0.58–0.91) | 0.95 (0.75–1.20) | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) | |||
| Insulin use | 0.547 | 0.605 | 0.639 | ||||||
| Nonuser | |||||||||
| Constant drinkers | 9,346 | 228 | 38,077 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Abstainers | 8,341 | 175 | 34,184 | 0.85 (0.70–1.04) | 0.77 (0.63–0.94) | 0.77 (0.63–0.94) | |||
| Nondrinkers | 88,428 | 2,085 | 353,409 | 0.99 (0.86–1.13) | 0.78 (0.67–0.91) | 0.77 (0.66–0.89) | |||
| User | |||||||||
| Constant drinkers | 1,148 | 32 | 4,513 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Abstainers | 1,974 | 63 | 7,676 | 1.16 (0.76–1.77) | 1.05 (0.69–1.62) | 1.03 (0.67–1.58) | |||
| Nondrinkers | 14,241 | 475 | 54,257 | 1.23 (0.86–1.76) | 0.98 (0.67–1.43) | 0.95 (0.65–1.39) | |||
| Smoking status | <0.001 | 0.213 | 0.222 | ||||||
| Nonsmoker | |||||||||
| Constant drinkers | 1,799 | 60 | 7,336 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Abstainers | 3,115 | 80 | 12,598 | 0.78 (0.56–1.08) | 0.77 (0.55–1.07) | 0.73 (0.52–1.02) | |||
| Nondrinkers | 82,964 | 1,975 | 330,168 | 0.73 (0.57–0.95) | 0.70 (0.53–0.92) | 0.66 (0.51–0.87) | |||
| Former | |||||||||
| Constant drinkers | 3,798 | 90 | 15,375 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Abstainers | 3,586 | 91 | 14,559 | 1.07 (0.80–1.43) | 0.95 (0.71–1.27) | 0.92 (0.68–1.23) | |||
| Nondrinkers | 11,644 | 396 | 45,237 | 1.50 (1.19–1.88) | 1.02 (0.80–1.29) | 0.99 (0.78–1.26) | |||
| Current | |||||||||
| Constant drinkers | 4,897 | 110 | 19,880 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Abstainers | 3,614 | 67 | 14,703 | 0.82 (0.61–1.12) | 0.76 (0.56–1.03) | 0.75 (0.56–1.02) | |||
| Nondrinkers | 8,061 | 189 | 32,261 | 1.06 (0.84–1.34) | 0.73 (0.57–0.94) | 0.73 (0.57– 0.95) | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.191 | 0.104 | 0.073 | ||||||
| <25 | |||||||||
| Constant drinkers | 4,612 | 129 | 18,601 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Abstainers | 5,017 | 110 | 20,217 | 0.79 (0.61–1.01) | 0.71 (0.55–0.91) | 0.68 (0.53–0.88) | |||
| Nondrinkers | 53,635 | 1,370 | 212,530 | 0.93 (0.78–1.12) | 0.81 (0.67–0.99) | 0.79 (0.65–0.96) | |||
| ≥25 | |||||||||
| Constant drinkers | 5,882 | 131 | 23,989 | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||
| Abstainers | 5,298 | 128 | 21,643 | 1.08 (0.85–1.38) | 0.99 (0.77–1.26) | 0.96 (0.75–1.23) | |||
| Nondrinkers | 49,034 | 1,190 | 195,136 | 1.12 (0.93–1.34) | 0.83 (0.68–1.02) | 0.80 (0.65–0.99) | |||
*
P for interaction.
†
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex.
‡
Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, regular physical activity, low income, CHA2DS2-VASc score, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, stroke/transient ischemic attack, thromboembolism, use of insulin, and number of oral hypoglycemic agents.